Scribd
Upload
82 views20 pages

Diphtheria Ahn

Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, affecting the skin and mucous membranes, and can be transmitted through airborne droplets, contaminated items, or direct contact with infected wounds. The disease has two main types: nasopharyngeal and cutaneous diphtheria, with symptoms including sore throat, fever, and difficulty breathing. Prevention is primarily through vaccination, and management includes antibiotics, antitoxins, and supportive nursing care.

Uploaded by

rathodunnati0912
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
82 views20 pages

Diphtheria Ahn

Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, affecting the skin and mucous membranes, and can be transmitted through airborne droplets, contaminated items, or direct contact with infected wounds. The disease has two main types: nasopharyngeal and cutaneous diphtheria, with symptoms including sore throat, fever, and difficulty breathing. Prevention is primarily through vaccination, and management includes antibiotics, antitoxins, and supportive nursing care.

Uploaded by

rathodunnati0912
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

DIPHTHERIA

Presented by Rathod Unnati


INTRODUCTION
 Diphtheria is an infection caused by the bacteria CORYNEBACTERIUM
DIPHTHEERIA.
 In 1883 Edwin Klebs demonstrated that corynebacterium diphtheriae was
the agent of diphtheria.
 It is a very contagious and potentially life threatening bacterial disease.
DEFINITION
 Diphtheria is defined as a serious acute bacterial infection that affects the
skin and mucous membrane of throat and nose.
TYPES OF DIPHTHERIA
 1. Nasopharyngeal Diphtheria
 2. Cutenous Diphtheria
NASOPHARYNGEAL
DIPHTHERIA
 It is an acute infectious upper respiratory tract disease.
 It is also known as respiratory diphtheria
CUTENOUS DIPHTHERIA
 If any break or cut in the layer of skin May comes in contact with C.
Diphtheriae than it results in cutaneous diphtheria.
ETIOLOGY
 It can caused by bacterium CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE , it can
spread by 3 different routes:
1. AIRBORNE DROPLETS: When an infected person cough or sneeze release
a mist of contaminated droplets.
2. Contaminated personal item: Can occasionally contract by handling an
infected person’s used tissues.
3. Contaminated house hold items : Such as towels or toys
 You can also get diphtheria by touching an open wound of infected person.
RISK FACTORS
 Crowded environment
 Poor hygiene
 Lack of immunization
 Close contact with infected person
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
CLINICAL FEATURES
 Incubation period till 2 to 5 days
 Coughing
 Sore throat
 Fever
 Malaise
 Weakness
 Weak Immunity
 Cyanosis
 Pain
 Malaise
 Horsiness of voice
 Irritation
 Rinorrhea
 Shortness of breath
 Difficulty in swallowing
 Fatigue
 Chills
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
 History Taking
 Physical examination
 Blood test
 Swab sample
 Lesion culture
 Gram staining
COMPLICATIONS
 Mayocarditis
 Pericarditis
 Congestive heart failure
 Paralysis
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
 Antibiotics: Metronidazole , Azithromycin, Clindamycin
 Antitoxin: Anti diphtheriae ADS
 Antipyretics : Acetaminophen
 Analgesics: Tramadol
 Multivitamins
 Bronchodilators: Salbutamol
 Vaccination
NURSING MANAGEMENT
 Assess the patient
 Monitor vital signs
 Observe intake output chart
 Provide proper medication
 Provide o2 therapy if needed
 Explain the patient to avoid alcohol, smoking or any other product that
may cause irritation
 Teach the patient for proper maintaining proper hygiene
 Restrict the number of visitors
 Give proper diet
 Explain the patient for taking proper rest and sleep
 Provide proper sideline position
 Explain the patient about follow up at the time of discharge
 Do proper documentation of given treatment
PREVENTION
 The best way to prevent diphtheria is “ VACCINATION”
 The diphtheria vaccine is combined With vaccine for tetanus and whooping
cough known as DPT VACCINE
 Vaccination consists of series of five shots:
 Dose 1: 2 month
 Dose 2: 4 month
 Dose 3: 6 month
 Booster dose 1: 15 to 18 months
 Booster dose 2: 4 years
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
 Hyperthermia related to release of diphtheriae toxin as evidenced by lab
reports
 Ineffective airway clearance related to formation of pseumembrane as
evidenced by physical examination
 Imbalance nutrition related to painful swallowing as evidenced by
observing intake output chart
 Disturbed sleep pattern related to pain and irritation as evidenced by
verbal communication
 Anxiety related to diphtheria as evidenced by facial expression
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 DULT HEALTH NURSING- 1 WRITTEN BY MJ KUMARI PUBLISHED BY JAYPEE
BROTHERS 2023
 BT VASANTHAPA 1ST EDITION 2011 ESSENTIAL BY MEDICAL SURGICAL
NURSING
 BRUNNERS AND SUDDARTHS TEXT BOOK , 8TH EDITION
 WEBSITE:
 www.diphtheria.in
 www.slideshare.in
 Google, chrome

You might also like