PRESENTATION ON
DNA MICROARRAY
SUBMITTED TO - DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
PRESENTED BY- NEHA VERMA
Msc.- 4th SEMESTER (BOTANY)
GOVT. DIGVIJAY AUTONOMOUS P.G. COLLEGE RAJNANDGAON C.G.
SESSSION- 2024-25
SYNOPSIS
• Introduction
• Historical background
• Principle of DNA Microarray
• Requirement of DNA Microarray
• Working of DNA Microarray
• Application
• Advantage and disadvantage
• Conclusion
• Reference
Introduction
• Microarray is basically a combination of two words:
• "Micro" means genome on a microscopic slide.
• "Array" means an orderly arrangement of data.
• Microarray is a type of biological laboratory technique that is used to
analyze thousands of genes simultaneously.
• Microarray is also known by other names such as DNA chips, gene chips,
DNA arrays, gene arrays, and biochips.
Historical Background
• Microarray was first used in the year 1995 for the study of yeast, which
included more than 7,000 genes.
• This technique is used for studying gene expression, gene function, and
gene relationships.
Principle of DNA Microarray
• The principle of DNA microarrays is based on base pairing or
hybridization between nucleotides.
• This technique can be used to analyze 100,000 or more genomic
sequences at a time.
• To identify unknown DNA molecules, they are tagged with a fluorescent
marker.
• Then, the sample is spread over the DNA chips in a proper manner.
Requirement of DNA Microarray
• DNA chips
• Fluorescent dyes
• Fluorescent labelled target/sample
• Probes
• Scanner
Working of DNA Microarray
Application of microarray
• Identification of tissue specific genes
• Discovery of drugs
• Gene epression profiling
• Mutation analysis
• Disease diagnosis
• Pathogen and microbial detection
Advantages
• 1. Provides data for thousands of genes.
• 2. One experiment instead of many.
• 3. Fast and easy to obtain results.
• 4. A huge step closer to discovering cures for diseases and cancer.
• 5. Different parts of DNA can be used to study gene expression.
Disadvantages
• 1. High cost: DNA chips are expensive to create.
• 2. Complex analysis: Producing too many results at once requires a long
time for analysis, which is complex.
• 3. Limited shelf life: DNA chips do not have a long shelf life, which is a
major drawback.
Conclusion
• DNA microarrays are one of the most effective biotechnology inventions.
• They allow for the simultaneous comparison of thousands of genes.
• Microarray technology works by using chips with attached DNA
sequences as probes for gene expression.
• DNA samples that match the probe sequence bind to the chip.
• These chips can store sequences for every gene in an organism’s
genome.
• Gene expression data helps understand the function of previously
uncharacterized genes
Reference
• Plant biotechnology by - U. Satyanarayana
• Genetic clonng and DNA analysis - T.A. Brown
