TOPIC ON :-
PNEUMONIA
PRESENT BY:-
MR. RUPRAM SHARMA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEFINITION
Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air
sacs in one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill
with fluid or pus (purulent material), causing cough
with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty
breathing. A variety of organisms, including
bacteria, viruses and fungi, can cause pneumonia.
CAUSES
INFECTIOUS PATHOGENS:- Like
Viruses:- such as (SARS-CoV-2 the virus that causes
COVID-19) , influenza virus (most commonly
effected in adults) etc..
bacteria :- such as Streptococcus pneumonia
(pneumococcus) and fungi
Smoking
Being hospitalized or being on a ventilator
Weakened immune system
Having a chronic condition including :-asthma,
COPD, structural lung disease and heart disease
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Cough, which may produce greenish, yellow or
even bloody mucus
Fever, sweating and shaking chills
Shortness of breath
Rapid, shallow breathing
Sharp or stabbing chest pain that gets worse when
you breathe deeply or cough
Loss of appetite, low energy, and fatigue
Nausea and vomiting, especially in small children
Confusion, especially in older people
CONTINUE…
Loss of appetite,
Low energy, and fatigue
Nausea or vomiting
Loss of smell or taste(Anosmia /Ageusia)
Rapid pulse (120bpm)
DIAGNOSIS
Medical History
Physical Examination
Blood tests to confirm the infection and to try to identify
the germ that is causing your illness.
Chest X-ray to look for the location and extent of
inflammation in your lungs.
Pulse oximetry to measure the oxygen level in your
blood. Pneumonia can prevent your lungs from moving
enough oxygen into your bloodstream.
Sputum test on a sample of mucus (sputum) taken after
a deep cough, to look for the source of the infection.
Continue..
CT scan of the chest to get a better view of the lungs and look
for abscesses or other complications.
Arterial blood gas test, to measure the amount of oxygen
in a blood sample taken from an artery, usually in your wrist. This
is more accurate than the simpler pulse oximetry.
Pleural fluid culture, which removes a small amount of
fluid from around tissues that surround the lung, to analyze and
identify bacteria causing the pneumonia.
Bronchoscopy, a procedure used to look into the lungs'
airways. If you are hospitalized and your treatment is not working
well, doctors may want to see whether something else is affecting
your airways, such as a blockage. They may also take fluid
samples or a biopsy of lung tissue.
MANAGEMENT
Antibiotics therapy :- to prevent infection such
as Amoxicillin- 500 mg
Analgesics drugs:- (to relieve pleural pain)
pethidine HCL
Steroid drugs:- hydrocortisone, dexamethasone
Antimicrobial therapy :-
Antipyretics
According symptomatic treatment ….
NURSING MANAGEMENT
o oxygen therapy in case of respiratory distress
o Get the flu vaccine each year. People can develop
bacterial pneumonia after a case of the flu .
o Get the pneumococcal vaccine
o Practice good hygiene
o Don't smoke
o Practice a healthy lifestyle
o Avoid sick people
o Provide chest physiotherapy every 4 hrs to mobilize
secretion
Continue…
o Encourage patient to drink plenty of fluid & water
o Provide lateral position to the patients on the
effected side
o Give the comfortable environment so that patients
can sleep
o Record intake & output of fluids chart
o Observation of level of consciousness, respiratory
stress, cyanosis sign every 2hours
