ENERGY
ANGELO FREIDRICH O. AMBALONG
ENERGY
Energy is the ability to do work. It
is the quantitative property that
must be transferred to an object in
order to perform work. It is divided
into two general forms: kinetic
energy and potential energy.
ENERGY
Suppose you flick a marble and it hits
another marble at rest. The second
marble will surely move away. The marble
you flicked has done work because it
pushed the second marble. The moving
marble has done work: therefore it
originally possessed energy which was
imparted to the second marble upon
hitting it.
ENERGY
A moving object possesses energy.
This energy of motion is called kinetic
energy. The kinetic energy of a
particle is equal to the total work
that particle can do in the process of
being brought to rest.
Kinetic Energy: 𝐊𝐄 =𝟏/2 m𝐯𝟐
ENERGY
Objects at rest also possess energy. It is called
potential energy. There are different forms of
potential energy.
(a) Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE): The
energy possessed by an object due to its
position. It is determined by the height of
an object above the earth’s center of
gravity.
Gravitational Potential Energy : 𝐆𝐏𝐄 = 𝐦𝐠𝐡
ENERGY
(b) Elastic Potential Energy is
potential energy stored as a result of
deformation of an elastic object, such
as the stretching of a spring.
𝑬𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝑷𝑬 =½ k𝒙𝟐
Elastic Potential Energy:
ENERGY
We can neither create nor destroy energy
—energy is always conserved. Thus, if the
total amount of energy in a system
changes, it can only be due to the fact
that energy has crossed the boundary of
the system by a transfer mechanism. This
is a general statement of the principle of
Conservation of Energy: Δ𝑬𝒔𝒚𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎 = ΣT
conservation of energy.
ENERGY
Conservation of Energy: Δ𝑬𝒔𝒚𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎 = ΣT
Where: 𝑬𝒔𝒚𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎 = total energy of the system
ΣT = is the amount of energy transferred
across the system boundary by some
mechanism
Work-kinetic energy theorem Δ𝑲 = 𝑾;
where: ΔK= total energy of the system
W = work done
The work–kinetic energy theorem is a special case of the
more general principle of conservation of energy.
EXAMPLE
1) A diver stands on the diving
board which is 3 m from the
bottom of the pool. If the diver
weighs 580 N, how much is energy
possessed by the diver at that
point?
EXAMPLE
Solution:
Given:
W = 580 N
h=3m
EXAMPLE
2) A 78 - kg basketball player runs
at a speed of 12 m/s.
(a) What is his KE?
(b) How much work was done by
the player to reach such speed
starting from rest?
EXAMPLE
Solution:
Given:
m = 78 kg
vf = 12 m/s
vi = 0 m/s
Required:
a) KE
b) work
EXAMPLE
Solution:
Given:
m = 78 kg
vf = 12 m/s
vi = 0 m/s
Required:
a) KE
b) work
EXAMPLE
3) A 7.5-kg block initially at rest is
pulled to the right along a
horizontal, frictionless surface by a
constant horizontal force of 15 N.
What is the speed of the block
after it has moved 5.0 m?
ENERGY
4. A 0.300-kg ball has a speed of
15.0 m/s.
(a) What is its kinetic energy?
(b) What if its speed were
doubled, what would be its
kinetic energy?
ENERGY
5. A book with mass of 1.5 kg on a
table that is 1.2 m high is raised
onto a shelf. The shelf is 2 m from
the table top. a) What is the
gravitational potential energy of the
book relative to the table top? b)
What is the gravitational potential
energy of the book relative to the
ENERGY
6. Adult cheetahs, the fastest of
the great cats, have a mass of
about 70 kg and have been clocked
running at up to 32 m/s . (a) How
many joules of kinetic energy does
such a swift cheetah have?
