JavaScript

• A language that lets you add interactivity and

logic to your website (like buttons that do
something).
 Script
• A block of JavaScript code inside an HTML
page.
 Variable
• A container to store data (like a box to keep a
number, word, or anything else).
 let
• A way to create a changeable variable.
 const
• A way to create a variable that cannot be
changed.
 var
• An older way to create a changeable variable
(not recommended for most new code).
 Function
• A set of instructions you can reuse whenever
needed.
 return
• Sends a value back from a function to
wherever it was called.
 if
• Checks if something is true, and runs a block
of code if it is.
 else
• Runs another block of code if the if condition
is false.
 else if
• Lets you check another condition if the first if
fails.
 switch
• A shortcut to check many conditions and
choose which block of code to run.
 case
• A possible match inside a switch statement.
 default
• A fallback if none of the case options match in
a switch.
 for
• A loop that repeats code a set number of
times.
 while
• A loop that repeats code while a condition is
true.
 do...while
• A loop that runs the code at least once, then
keeps repeating if a condition is true.
 break
• Stops a loop or a switch early.
 continue
• Skips the current loop step and jumps to the
next one.
 try
• Tests a block of code for errors.
 catch
• Runs code if an error happens in the try block.
 finally
• Runs code after try and catch, no matter what.
 throw
• Creates your own error to stop code on
purpose.
 new
• Creates a new object or instance from a class.
 class
• A blueprint for creating similar objects.
 constructor
• A special function inside a class that sets up
the object.
 this
• Refers to the object that is currently being
used.
 super
• Refers to the parent class when you want to
access or reuse it.
 import
• Brings code from another file or module into
your file.
 export
• Makes code (like functions, classes, variables)
available to other files.
 async
• Makes a function run in the background
without stopping the whole program.
 await
• Waits for an async operation (like loading
data) to finish before moving on.
 Promise
• An object that represents something that will
finish later (like a package you ordered).
 yield
• Used in special functions (generators) to
pause and later continue the function.
 typeof
• Checks the type of a value (like number, string,
object).
 instanceof
• Checks if an object belongs to a certain class
or type.
 delete
• Removes a property from an object.
 in
• Checks if a property exists inside an object.
 with
• Shortens object property access (but
considered bad practice today).
 debugger
• Pauses the code at that point when you're
debugging.
 window
• Represents the whole browser window — the
main object for everything.
 document
• Represents the webpage itself; lets you
change what's on the page.
 console
• Lets you print messages to the browser’s
console (very useful for testing).
 alert
• Shows a popup message box on the screen.
 prompt
• Shows a popup asking the user to type
something.
 confirm
• Shows a popup asking the user to accept (OK)
or cancel.
 setTimeout
• Runs a function once after waiting for a
certain time.
 setInterval
• Repeats a function over and over after every
time gap.
 clearTimeout
• Cancels a setTimeout that hasn’t run yet.
 clearInterval
• Cancels a repeating setInterval.
 addEventListener
• Lets you run code when something happens
(like a click or hover).
 event
• The actual thing that happened, like a click,
input, or keypress.
 target
• Refers to the specific element that triggered
the event.
 innerHTML
• Lets you read or change the HTML content
inside an element.
 innerText
• Lets you read or change just the visible text
inside an element.
 value
• Gets or sets the value of form elements (like
what's typed into a text box).
 getElementById
• Finds an element by its unique ID.
 getElementsByClassName
• Finds all elements with a certain class name.
 getElementsByTagName
• Finds all elements with a certain tag name
(like all <div>s).
 querySelector
• Finds the first element that matches a CSS-
style selector.
 querySelectorAll
• Finds all elements matching a CSS-style
selector.
 parentNode
• Refers to an element’s parent in the HTML
tree.
 childNodes
• Refers to an element’s children (could be
elements or text).
 appendChild
• Adds a new child element to a parent.
 removeChild
• Removes a child element from its parent.
 createElement
• Creates a new HTML element using JavaScript.
 cloneNode
• Copies an element.
 JSON
• A way to format and share data easily
(JavaScript Object Notation).
 parse
• Turns a JSON string into a JavaScript object.
 stringify
• Turns a JavaScript object into a JSON string.
 Array
• A list-like collection of items (like [1, 2, 3]).
 Object
• A collection of properties in key-value pairs
(like {name: 'John', age: 30}).
 Map
• A newer way to store key-value pairs where
keys can be any type.
 Set
• A collection of unique values (no duplicates
allowed).
 push
• Adds an item to the end of an array.
 pop
• Removes the last item from an array.
 shift
• Removes the first item from an array.
 unshift
• Adds an item to the start of an array.
 slice
• Copies part of an array.
 splice
• Changes an array by adding/removing items.
 forEach
• Runs a function once for each item in an array.
 map (array method)
• Creates a new array by changing every item in
the original.
 filter
• Creates a new array with only the items that
meet a condition.
 reduce
• Uses all array items to create a single value
(like a total).
 includes
• Checks if an array or string contains a certain
value.
 find
• Returns the first item that matches a
condition.
 sort
• Arranges the items in an array in a certain
order.
 reverse
• Reverses the order of items in an array.
 length
• Tells you how many items are in an array or
how many characters are in a string.
 String
• Text in JavaScript (like 'Hello').
 Number
• A numeric value in JavaScript.
 Boolean
• A true or false value.
 null
• An intentional empty value.
 undefined
• A variable that hasn't been given a value yet.
 Symbol
• A unique value mainly used internally in
JavaScript.
 NaN (Not a Number)
• A special value that shows when a number
operation failed.
 Infinity
• A value larger than any number.
 isNaN
• A function that checks if something is 'Not a
Number.'
 parseInt
• Converts a string into an integer number.
 parseFloat
• Converts a string into a decimal number.