DEPERTMENT OF APPLIED
GEOPHYSICS
FEDERAL UNIVERSITY BIRNIN KEBBI
I T DEFENSE SLIDE
PREPARED BY
BASHAR SANUSI
WITH ADMISSION NO:
2010201032
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
DATA PRESENTATION &
INTERPRETATION
Firstly we are goin to consider these 3
asfect
1:Introduction to Geophysical Data
2: Data Collection Methods
3: Data Processing
4:Data Interpretation Techniques
5: Challenges in Geophysical Data
Interpretation
CHAPTER 2 TOPIC
What is geophysical data
Geophysical data refers to information collected using geophysical
methods to study the physical properties of the Earth's subsurface.
These data are typically gathered through non-invasive techniques
that measure various natural or induced physical properties of the
Earth.
1. Seismic Data
What it measures: it measure the propagation of seismic waves
through the Earth's subsurface.
Uses: Often used in oil and gas exploration, earthquake studies, and
understanding the Earth's internal structure.
CHAPTER 3 continuiton
2: Data Collection Methods
Data collection methods in
geophysics refer to the various
techniques used to gather physical
measurements from the Earth's
subsurface or surface in order to study
its properties
These method rely on non-invasive
technologies that help geophysicists
gain insights into the structure,
composition, and behavior of the Earth
without the need for excavation or
drilling.
CHAPTER 4 continuiton
3: Data Processing
Data processing in geophysics refers
to the steps taken to convert raw
geophysical data (collected from
instruments or surveys) into
meaningful, interpretable information.
Since geophysical data is often noisy,
complex, and large in volume, data
processing is essential for reducing
errors, enhancing signal clarity, and
extracting useful patterns that can
provide insights into subsurface
properties
CHAPTER 5 continuiton
Key Steps in Geophysical
dataProcessing
1. Preprocessing
2. Noise Removal:
3. Data Segmentation
4. Scaling and Normalization
. Data Transformation
What it involves: Transformation techniques are applied to
change the format or structure of the raw data for better
analysis.
Fourier Transform: Converts time-domain data into
frequency-domain data to analyze the frequency content of
signals.
Inverse Fourier Transform: Converts data back from the
frequency domain into the time domain for better
interpretation.
Wavelet Transform: Used to analyze data at different
scales, especially in seismic data, to highlight features
across various frequency ranges.
CHAPTER 6 continuiton
4:Data Interpretation Techniques
Data interpretation in geophysics
refers to the process of analyzing
processed geophysical data to make
inferences about the Earth's subsurface.
The goal is to understand the structure,
composition, and physical properties of
geological formations and to identify
resources, hazards, or environmental
concerns. Since geophysical data is
often indirect
CHAPTER 7 continuiton
SEISMIC INTERPRETATION
SOFTWARES
Paradigm (Emerson)
Kingdom Suite (IHS Markit):
Petrel (Schlumberger):
Magnetic and Gravity Data
Interpretation Software
Geosoft Oasis Montaj:
MagPick:
IP (Induced Polarization) Software
CHAPTER 8 continuiton
this is the example of data that was
been interpreted using
Kingdom Suite (IHS Markit):
CHAPTER 9 continuiton
this is the example of data that was
been interpreted using Geosoft Oasis Montaj:
CHAPTER 10 continuiton
CHALLENGES IN GEOPHYSICAL
DATA INTERPRETATION
1. Data Quality and Noise
2. Complexity of Geological
Structures
3. . Resolution and Scale
Limitations
4. Uncertainty and Risk Management
5. Technological Limitations
CHAPTER 11 continuiton
THANK YOU
CHAPTER 12 continuiton
