Real Time Operating
System
PRESENTED BY
MOUNIKA Y
CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. General Purpose OS v/s Real Time
Operating System
3.Types of Real Time Operating System
4. Function of RTOS
5. Applications of RTOS
6.Advantages of RTOS
Introduction
When we hear a word “Operating System” the
first ones that come to our mind are
windows ,Linux , Ubuntu ,Mac OS for
computers and Android, iOS for mobile and
many more.
A Real time operating system is a special type
of Operating system specifically design for
Embedded system
General Purpose OS v/s RTOS
The Basic difference of using a GPOS or an
RTOS lies in the nature of the system – i.e
whether the system is “time critical” or not .
Normal operations that we do in a computer
are not time critical and nothing is going to
happen if it takes a few more seconds to open
a file but in application like Missiles, ABS in
cars, timing is very critical .
What is Real Time ?
“The ability of operating system to provide a
required level of service in a bounded response
time ”
Example : Airbag has to be opened within a
fixed time immediately after the crashing in
order to protect from any injuries
It is response to input immediately { real
time } .
Hear that ask is to complete within a specific
time delay .
Types of RTOS
There are two basic types:
1. Hard RTOS
2. SOFT RTOS
Hard RTOS
A hard real time system has time-critical
deadlines that must be met ; otherwise a
catastrophic system failure can occur .
Examples :
Air traffic control
Vehicle subsystem
Control nuclear
Soft RTOS
In a soft real time system, deadlines can be
occasionally missed.
Missing deadline will not cause any
catastrophic failures.Also known as “best
effort” system.
Example:
Multimedia player control
Telecom network switching
Computer games
Functions of RTOS
Functions of RTOS:
Task management
Schedule
Resource allocation
Interrupt handling
Task Management
In Real time applications, any process which
takes a specified execution time and occupies
predefined amount of memory is called as task
Task management is the process of managing
task through its life cycle as shown in the
figure
Task Management
Typically task operation is for creating and
deleting task, control task scheduling and
obtaining task information
Schedule
Task management provides the following
information about task:
Number of task
Resource requirements
Execution time
Deadlines
RTOS scheduler uses scheduling algorithm to
organise them .
SA are like clock driver scheduling , round ribon
scheduling , priority scheduling
Resource allocation
We know that embedded system have
limited amount of resources in terms of
memory and CPU power.
So, it is essential to allocate the available
resources efficiently.
The same algorithms used for scheduling
are again used for resource allocation.
Interrupt handling
Interrupt is an external control signal which
disturb the normal execution of system
Interrupts causes the processor to suspend
all other operation whatever it is doing and
instead execute the code that will respond
to the event which cause the interrupt.
Popular real time operating system are like
VxWorks , RT Linux, Windows CE
Applications of RTOS
Real time operating system are used in
Military, Engineering applications and data
communication systems.
Automated missiles and space satellites are
also powered by RTOS these days.
In general, any embedded system
application which require immediate real
time action uses RTOS .
Advantages of RTOS
RTOS can run and application in any
diverse and challenging environment
condition also.
It runs effectively even on very limited
hardware resources.
It consumes less power and memory,
kernel size is very small and can fit limited
ROM storage of Embedded systems.
THANK
YOU
