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Ionic Bonding

Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons between atoms, resulting in the formation of cations and anions that are held together by electrostatic attraction. The octet rule states that atoms form ionic compounds to achieve a stable electron configuration with eight electrons in their outer shell. Ionic compounds, such as sodium chloride, form characteristic crystal lattices and exhibit properties like high melting and boiling points, as well as excellent electrical conductivity when molten or dissolved in water.

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14 views12 pages

Ionic Bonding

Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons between atoms, resulting in the formation of cations and anions that are held together by electrostatic attraction. The octet rule states that atoms form ionic compounds to achieve a stable electron configuration with eight electrons in their outer shell. Ionic compounds, such as sodium chloride, form characteristic crystal lattices and exhibit properties like high melting and boiling points, as well as excellent electrical conductivity when molten or dissolved in water.

Uploaded by

monahamdi2004
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Ionic Bonding

CA Standards
 Students know atoms combine
to form molecules by sharing
electrons to form covalent or
metallic bonds or by exchanging
electrons to form ionic bonds.
 Students know salt crystals,
such as NaCl, are repeating
patterns of positive and
negative ions held together by
electrostatic attraction.
Bonds
 Forces that hold groups of
atoms
together and make them
function
 Ionic bonds – transfer of
as a unit.
electrons
 Covalent bonds – sharing
of electrons
The Octet Rule – Ionic
Compounds
Ionic compounds form so that each atom,
by gaining or losing electrons, has an
octet of electrons in its highest occupied
energy level.

Metals lose electrons to form positively-


charged cations

Nonmetals gains electrons to form


negatively-charged anions
Ionic Bonding:
The Formation of Sodium
Chloride
 Sodium has 1 valence electron
 Chlorine has 7 valence electrons
 An electron transferred gives
each an octet
Na: 1s22s22p63s1
Cl: 1s22s22p63s23p5
Ionic Bonding:
The Formation of Sodium
Chloride
This transfer forms ions, each
with an octet:
Na+ 1s22s22p6

Cl- 1s22s22p63s23p6
Ionic Bonding:
The Formation of Sodium
Chloride
The resulting ions come
together due to electrostatic
attraction
(opposites attract):
Cl-
Na+
The net charge on the
compound must equal zero
Examples of Ionic
compounds
Mg2+Cl-2 Magnesium chloride:
Magnesium loses two electrons
and each chlorine gains one
electron
Na+2O2- Sodium oxide: Each sodium
loses one electron and the
oxygen gains two electrons

Al3+2S2-3 Aluminum sulfide: Each


aluminum loses two electrons
(six total) and each sulfur
gains two electrons (six total)
Metal Monatomi Ion name
c
Cations
Lithium Li+ Lithium
Sodium Na+ Sodium
Potassium K+ Potassium
Magnesium Mg2+ Magnesiu
m
Calcium Ca2+ Calcium
Barium Ba2+ Barium
Aluminum Al3+ Aluminum
Nonmetal Monatomic Ion Name
Anions
Fluorine F- Fluoride
Chlorine Cl- Chloride
Bromine Br- Bromide
Iodine I- Iodide
Oxygen O2- Oxide
Sulfur S2- Sulfide
Nitrogen N3- Nitride
Phosphorus P3- Phosphide
Sodium Chloride Crystal Lattice

Ionic compounds form


solid crystals at
ordinary
temperatures.
Ionic compounds
organize in a
characteristic crystal
lattice of alternating
positive and negative
ions.
All salts are ionic compounds and form
crystals.
Properties of Ionic
Compounds
Structure: Crystalline solids
Melting Generally high
point:
Boiling Generally high
Point:
Electrical Excellent conductors,
Conductivi molten and aqueous
ty:
Solubility in Generally soluble
water:

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