1.

Oxygen Administration
 It is a process of supplying additional oxygen at higher
concentration than the environment.
 This improved the concentration of o2 in the alveolar air.
 This se the PaO2 in the alveoli that se the driving
pressure for gas diffusion across the alveolar-capillary
membrane.
• The percentage of oxygen in the inspired air is referred to
as the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2)
• Normal atmospheric air has FiO2 of 21%.
• Supplemental oxygen delivery systems are capable of
increasing the FiO2 to 100% oxygen
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 Purpose
 To manage the condition of hypoxia
 To -maintain the oxygen tension in blood plasma
 To increase the oxy hemoglobin in red blood cells
 To reduce the risk of complications

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 Indications

• For clients with ineffective airway clearance

• During surgery and post operatively

• After chest trauma.

• Asphyxia , drowning

• For unconscious patients

• For new born with low APGAR score.

• Cardiac failure/Cardiac insufficiency

• Poisoning.

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 Types of oxygen administration

• Oxygen is administered in four ways

1. Mask
2. Nasal catheter
3. Tent
4. Edo-tracheal tube

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 A) Face mask

• There are many kinds of masks

The common ones are:

1.Bag-Valve-Mask (BVM)

2.Venturi mask

3.Simple mask

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 2. The venturi mask
 Gives a controlled amount of O2 i.e.

 It is not high to cause respiratory depression

 It is sufficient to relieve asphyxia.

 Deliver 3-8 L/min or 24-50% but

 Need to remove during eat.

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 3. Simple mask
• Can supply 6-10L/min or 40-60%.

• It is poor fitting, not suitable for COPD, and

need remove to eat.

Purposes

• To provide moderate O2 support and a higher

concentration of oxygen and /or humidity
than is provided by cannula.
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 Equipments

• Oxygen supply with a flow meter

• Humidifier with sterile distilled or tap water

• Pre scribed facemask of the appropriate size

• Padding for the elastic band

• Safety pin to secure the tubing to the bed linens

• Tissue paper to clean the nostrils

• A tray containing a galipot of saline or water,

• wooden applicator and receiver for soiled

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 Procedures
• Check physicians order for rate, device to be
used & concentration
• Explain the procedure to the pts.

• Post no smoking

• Ask the pt to clean his nostril

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 Procedures cont…
• Connect the mask to tubing and open the fine
adjustment to the required rate of flow.
• Apply the mask to the pts face.

• Remove the mask & dry the skin every 2-3 hrs

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 B) Nasal cannula
• IT is most common, in-expensive, low-flow
device
• It consists of plastic tube that extends around
the face, with curved prongs that fit in to the
nostrils.
• One side of the tube connects to the oxygen
tubing and oxygen supply.
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 Nasal cannula cont...
• The cannula is often held in place by an elastic
band that fits around the client’s head or
under the chin.
• Oxygen capacity is 1-5l/min or 22-44% .

• It is comfortable to pt even for children.

• Disadvantage is mucosa is dried and

concentration is affected by environment.
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 Purposes
• To deliver low concentrative of oxygen when
only minimal oxygen support is required
• To allow un interrupted delivery of oxygen

• For infants, they can’t tolerate face masks.

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 Equipments
• Oxygen supply with a flow meter

• Humidifier with sterile, distilled water or tap

water according to agency protocol
• Nasal cannula and tubing

• Tape

• Gauzes

• No smoking sign
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 Procedure
• Post no smoking signs
• Explain procedure to the pts.
• Make sure be humidifier is filled.
• Attach the connecting tube
• Set the flow rate at prescribed

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 Cont ….
• Ensure proper functioning by checking for
bubbles in humidity or feeling O2 at tube out
let.
• Place tips of cannula to pts nose and adjust
straps around ears for sung fit.
• Encourage to breathe through his/her nose
with mouth closed.
• Remove and clean the cannula with soap &
water, dry and replace every eight hours.
• Document time, flow rate & observation made
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 C) Tent (face tent)
• Face tents can replace oxygen masks when
masks are poorly tolerated by clients.
• When a face tent alone is used to supply
oxygen, the concentration of oxygen varies;
therefore, it is often used in conjunction with
a venturi system.

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 Tent cont …
• Frequently inspect the client’s facial skin for
dampness or sore/, dry and treat as needed
• As with face masks, kept dry the facial skin

• Used to deliver 21-30% and can be used by

small children
• It is inefficient delivery system

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 Purposes
• To provide high humidity
• To provide oxygen when a mask is poorly tolerated

• To provide a high flow of O2 when attached to a

venturi system
Equipment
– Oxygen supply with a flow meter
– Humidifier with sterile distilled or tap water
– Face tent of the appropriate size
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 Equipment

• A cylinder of O2 with a reducing value and

pressure tubing to be connected with the O2
cylinder.
• Mask or cannula or catheter or tent
• Safety pin to secure the tubing to the bed
linen
• Tissue paper to clean the nostrils with.

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Oxygen source - 02 cylinder, central supply

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Oxygen instrument according to methods like –
oxygen mask, nasal prongs, nasal catheter,
oxygen tent

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 Flow meter

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Gauze pieces
Adhesive tape ‘No smoking' signs

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• Precautions to be Taken When Oxygen is Used
 Since Oxygen supports combustion.
1. No smoking within 3 meters of oxygen, Lighted
matches, cigarettes, electric lights, nylon
clothing, electric pads, bells mechanical toys.
2. Alcohol must not be applied to the pt's skin
3. Cylinders must be handled carefully

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5. The fine adjustment should always be closed
when the main tap is turned on.
6. Check that there is no obstacle in the pt's airway
before firing oxygen to prevent suffocation.
7. Protect pt. from asphyxia inspecting regularly
pressure gauge and flow meter and noting pulse,
respiration, color, mental state and necrosis from
carbon dioxide

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 2. Suctioning the air way
Definition-suctioning is the aspiration of secretions, by rubber
catheter connected to a suction machine.

Purpose
• To remove secretions that obstruct the airway or

• To maintain a patent air way

• To facilitate respiratory ventilation

• To obtain secretions for diagnostic purpose

• To prevent infection due to accumulated secretion

• To prevent cyanosis
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 Purposes of suctioning air way
• To remove secretions that obstruct the airway or

• To maintain a patent air way

• To facilitate respiratory ventilation

• To obtain secretions for diagnostic purpose

• To prevent infection due to accumulated secretion

• To prevent cyanosis

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 Types of suction

1. Oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal removes

secretions from the upper respiratory tract.

2. Deeper suctioning, (end tracheal suctioning),

to removes secretions from lower RT

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 Indication for airway suctioning

• when the client is unable to expectorate

• who unable to cough & expel the secretions

• when the client is unable to swallow

• When pt have breathing difficulty

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 S/S indicating the need for suctioning are:-

• Restlessness

• gurgling sounds during respiration;

• adventitious breath sounds when ascultate

• change in mental status, skin color, rate and

pattern of respirations, and pulse rate
• Pt with tracheostomy.

• Client with depressed level of consciousness.

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 Equipments
• Disposable suction catheter /sterile/.

• Sterile glove.

• Clean towel

• Lubricant/sterile water.

• Suctioning apparatus.

• Oxygen or ambu-bag.

• Oximeter
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 Procedure
• Make sure that the suction machine is functional.

• Explain the pts about the procedure.

• Place pt in sitting or semi-fowler position.

• Wash hands & the pt will be

• Request Pt to cough in order to open the lung

• Done s/glove & grasp the sterile catheter

• Lubricate catheter & pass the catheter in to the

nostril and back in to the
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pharynx.
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 cont....
• Pass the catheter in to the trachea & ask the
pt to cough.
• Never apply suction until catheter riches to
trachea.
• Once the correct position is ascertained apply
suction and gently rotate the catheter while
pulling it slightly up ward.
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 cont....
• Disconnect the catheter from the suctioning
source after 5-10 seconds.
• Apply oxygen by using face mask & instruct
the pt breath deeply.
• Reconnect the suction source and repeat as
necessary.

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 cont....
• During the last suction, remove the catheter
completely while applying suction & rotating
the catheter gently.
• Apply oxygen when the catheter is removed.

• Report any patient intolerance of procedure

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 Thank you

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