ER
TRAN
SFER
INFRA
PRESENTED BY:
RED
SOHAIB ARIF CE-13
ABDUL WAJID PG-06
NOUMAN IJAZ CE-27
ABDUL REHMAN CE-32
CONTE
01 INTRODUCTION TO
FTIR
NTS OF
02 WORKING
03
PRINCIPAL
CERTAIN PRESEN
CONCEPTS
04 WORKING AND TATION
INSTRUMANTATION
0 ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
0
5 FTIR VS RAMAN
SPECTROSCOPY
6
INTRODUCTION TO FTIR
SPECTROSCOPRY
● Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, also
known as FTIR Analysis or FTIR Spectroscopy, is
an analytical technique used to identify
organic, polymeric, and, in some cases, inorganic
materials. The FTIR analysis method uses infrared
light to scan test samples and observe chemical
properties.
• FTIR spectra reveal the composition of solids,
liquids, and gases. The most common use is in
the identification of unknown materials and
confirmation of production materials
(incoming or outgoing). The information
content is very specific in most cases, permitting
fine discrimination between like materials.
DISCOVERY
The creation of today's FTIR would not have been
possible had it not been for the existence of the
Michelson interferometer. This essential piece of
optical equipment was invented by Albert
Abraham Michelson. He received the Nobel
Prize in 1907 for his accurate measurements of
the wavelengths of light..
i.e. Albert Abraham Michelson
Working
principal
The fundamental of infrared spectroscopic
technology is on atomic vibrations of a
molecule that only absorbs specific
frequencies and energies of infrared
radiation. The molecules could be detected
and classified by FTIR because different
molecules will have different
infrared spectrum
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
(FTIR) identifies chemical bonds in a
molecule by producing an infrared
absorption spectrum. The spectra
produce a profile of the sample, a
distinctive molecular fingerprint that can
be used to screen and scan samples for
many different components.
i.e. infrared spectrum of methane
EXPLAINING PRINCIPAL CONCEPTS
Absorption of
Infrared light
Infrared (IR) radiation is a type of
electromagnetic radiation (a infrared
Every atom (which represents an
wave with electricity) . The element) or molecule have certain
wave is longer than light which vibrations and thus every one
humans can see and shorter than provides a different frequincy of
microwaves. The word infrared infrared light i.e.which matchhes
means below red. vibrational frequincy
It is therefore invisible to the
human eye
Instrumentatin of ftir
SOuRCE INferometer
Modulate the
Produce infrared wavelenght
radiations
sample detectors
It is the substance to Detect the the and
be analyzed produce spectrum
Fourier i.e. block diagram of FTIR spectroscopy
transforming
Transform interferogram to
IR spectrum
Working of ftir
source
● Source of IR is Electronically
temprature controlled everglo
● Everglo is a ceramic(silicon carbide
element) that rapidely rises to
operating temprature and emit
infrared radiations
● Its temprature is monitored and
controlled at 1200 C
● It provide spectral region from 740nm
to 50cm
● It is also themally insulated to
maintain its temprature
inferom
eter
•
•
It is the heart of FTIR spectroscopy
It is a device in two light rays
interfere after passing through two
different optical paths
• Interference produce aunique kind of
signal in which all the Wavlenghts are
encoded
• It provides an interference record
MICHELSON INfEROMETER
which is then used to decode the
interferogram
• It is consist of tree parts
• BEAM SPLITTER: it splits the
incident beam in two paths
• FIXED MIRROR: it reflects the light
back
• MOVING MIRROR: it is the only
moving part in fTIR
sample
● Light after beam
splitter is
passedthrough the
sample
● It absorb some IR and
rest is transmitted
● Sample is required to
be thin
DETECTOR
• An infrared detector is a detector that
reacts to infrared (IR) radiation.
• The two main types of detectors are
• Themal dtectors
Sensitive to temperature
change
• Photonic detectors
Sense via change in
resistance
• Detectors produce an inferogram of
detected rays
FOURIER TRANSForm computer
• In this step the inferogram
record is
decoded to the ifrared spectrum
by various mathematical
operations
• Every atom has its own
spectrum and is recognized by it
pplications of FTIR
• It is used to identify and characterize unknown materials for e.g. solids,
powders, or liquids.
• Food manufacturers can use this technique for rapid determination of the
fat content of manufactured food products.
• International drug enforcement agencies, police departments, and customs
laboratories rely on spectroscopy to quickly identify illegal drugs, crime
scene evidence, banned materials.
• FTIR is also an excellent technique for pharmaceutical analysis.
FTIR vs RAMAN
MECHANISM:
spectroscopy
• FTIR works on absorption of infrared.
• Raman spectroscopy depends on scattering of
light
CHEMICAL CHANGE:
• FTIR cause change in motion of molecule.
• Raman changes the polarizability of molecule.
AQUEOUS SAMPLES:
• FTIR can not observe aqueous sample.
• Raman can observe aqueous samples.
Ftir vs raman
COST: spectroscopy
● FTIR is inexpensive.
● Raman is relatively expensive.
EXPERIENCE:
● FTIR require experience in sample preparation.
● RAMAN can be mastered with some training.
SAMPLE PREPARATION:
● in FTIR samples should be thin.
● RAMAN does not require sample preparation.
Advantage
s of
● Simple ftirdesign
mechanical
● Majority of molecules in the universe absorb ifrared
rays which make it very useful and makes it
universal.
● Like Raman,FTIR is non-destructive and
doesn’t require any sample preparation.
● Relatively inexpensive and rich in information.
● Sensitive to molecules:anything that contains
chemical bond
● Easy, fast ,and sensitive
advantages of FTIR
● Cannot detect molecules comprise of two identical atoms like N2 or O2
because spectrum will show one.
● Aqueous samples are very difficult to analyze
because water is a good IR absorber.
● Complex molecules give very complex spectra which is difficult to interpret.
● Sample should be very thin
● FTIR don’t measure spectra , they measure interferograms, which are
difficult to analyze without first performing a Fourier transform to produce a
spectrum.
What should we use
• IT depends on our analytical requirement
• As well as the sample to be analyzed
• And cost too
thanks
ANY QUESTION
