Different Ideologies
and their
Perspectives of the
State Political
Ideologies
POLITICAL IDEOLOGY
•A political belief system.
•An action-orientated set of political ideas
• The ideas of the ruling .
• The world-view of a particular social class or
social group.
• Political ideas that embody or articulate class
or social .
• Ideas that propagate false consciousness
amongst the exploited or oppressed.
• Ideas that situate the individual within
a social context and generate a sense
of collective belonging.
• An officially sanctioned set of ideas
used to legitimize a political system or
regime.
• An all-embracing political doctrine
that claims a monopoly of truth.
• An abstract and highly systematic
set of political ideas.
DEFINITION
• A political spectrum is a
tool used to visually compare
different political positions by
placing the positions on one
or more axes.
• In the United States, the most
commonly used political spectrum,
(also known as the political
continuum), places a range of beliefs
along a horizontal line and is
described in terms left or right of
center.
LEFT CENTER RIGHT
• Most commonly, the Political Spectrum
tells us two things:
–How much change in government
a person is willing to allow (and
how fast that change should take
place)
–How much the government should
intervene, or get involved, in the
lives of people (particularly with
respect to the economy)
POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES
LEFT RIGHT
FAR CENTRAL CENTRAL FAR
LIBERALISM CONSERVATISM
SOCIALISM FACISM
ANARCHISM MODERATE
1. Anarchism
1. Anarchism
2. SOCIALISM
Karl Max (1818-1883), poor and
always hungry, exiled for several
times and declared persona non
grata by his own country
Germany-saw and felt the evils
Karl Max of social inequality.
• Developed the scientific basis for
communist utopian ideals known
as “Marxism” or “dialectical
materialism”
• Essentially, oppressor and
oppressed are constantly
competing in acquiring
resources. Usually, through Hey, homies.
power, the oppressor gains the I’m back!
upper hand.
2. SOCIALISM
3. Liberalism
3. LIBERALISM
3. Liberalism
3. Liberalism
3. Classical Liberalism
4. Conservatism
4. Conservatism
4. CONSERVATISM
• Favor keeping things the way they
are, or maintaining the status quo
• Usually hesitant or cautious about
adopting new policies, especially if
they involve government activism.
5. Fascism
5. Fascism
Ideologies and the Philippine
Society
Ideologies and the Philippine
Society
RADICAL
• Far left of the political spectrum
• Call for wide-sweeping rapid change in
the basic structure of the political, social,
or economic system.
• May be willing to resort to extreme
methods to bring about change,
including the use of violence and
revolution.
MODERATE
• May share viewpoints with both
liberals and conservatives
• Tolerant of other people’s views
• Do not hold extreme views
• Advocate a “go-slow” or “wait-and-
see” approach to social or political
change
REACTIONARY
• Far right of ideological spectrum
• Want to go back to the way things
were—the “good ol’ days”
• Often willing to use extreme methods,
such as repressive use of government
power, to achieve their goals
1. Why do some people resist change
while others want it? Is such
resistance to or support for change
reflected in your own family? What are
some of these instances?
2. Define political ideology.
3. Why are ideologies considered
important in the political world?
