Group#5
Group Members
Kamran Haider
Irfan Shahzad
Abdullah Maqsood
Fahad Sohaib
Bilal Mukhtar
Causes of Over Population
1. ALLAH is RAZIQ
Muslims have a solid belief that God gives food to everyone even
to an ant living in a stone. So, why they reduce the size of family?
No or Less Opportunity Cost
71% Women are not active in economic activities in Pakistan.
Women have no any economic loss while having a childe.
Opportunity cost for having a childe is very low or zero in Pakistan.
3. Low Per Capita Income
We know that per capita income derives by dividing national
income on total population. Low per capita income shows
population explosion. Per capita income in Pakistan is $ 1254.
4. Unemployment
Unemployment is also a symbol of over population. It is difficult to
adjust the huge population in economic activities. Rate of
unemployment is 5.6 % in Pakistan.
5. High Population Growth Rate
The birth rate is very high which shows that our country is over
populated. Rapid growth rate of population is 2.1 % in Pakistan.
6. Need for More Earning Hands
A single person cannot sport his large family in developing countries
like Pakistan. He thinks to have more children to be more earning
hands.
7. Afghan Refugees
An arrival of refugees from India and especially from Afghanistan is also
resulting in more population.
8. Low Death Rate
Reduction in death rate is another cause of over population. Death rate
in 1951 was 2.8 % while it is just 0.73 % in 2010-11.
9. Low Standard of Living
It is observed that in Pakistan people with low income have more
children. It is difficult to support such large size family. It results in low
living standard of the population.
10. Warm Climate
Due to the warm climate, youth and maturity is attained at an early
age. It also results in rapid population growth.
11. Absence of Family Planning
Effective family planning is not available in Pakistan. People are not
familiar with the methods of family planning. They feel hesitation to
consult a doctor.
12. Joint Family System
There is competition among the family member in accordance with the
family size in joint family system. It is also a cause for rapid growth of
children.
13. Early Marriages
The marriages take place usually between 16 to 22 years of age in
Pakistan. The duration for re-productivity is very lengthy.
14. Illiteracy
Due to lack of education, people are not aware of with the economic
problems caused by high birth rate. Literacy rate is 57.7 % in Pakistan.
15. Inefficient Population
Dependency ratio is very high in our county. Only 32.17 % population
take part in economic activities and other 67.83 % depends upon them.
It views as a pressure on land and population expulsion.
17. Urbanization
Due to rural urban migration and lack of facilities in cities, there are
many social problems. It results in increase in urban population. Higher
rate of urbanization is an indicator of over population.
18. Low Saving & Investment
The rate of saving and investment of GDP are only 9.5% and 13.4%
respectively in Pakistan. Rate of investment and employment is also
very low due to low rate of savings. So these indicate that Pakistan is
over populated.
19. Poor Nutrition
People in Pakistan get poor diet, which affects the health and working
capacity. It reduces the per capita income, which is a sign of population
explosion.
EFFECTS OF OVER POPULATION
1. Low Per Capital Income
The population growth reduces per capita income of the people
because national income is divided by a big size of population. Per
capital income of Pakistan is $ 1254 during 2010-11.
2. Unemployment, Under-employment and Disguised-
unemployment
It is impossible to provide jobs to such highly growing population in
Pakistan. It results in unemployment, under-employment and
disguised-unemployment. Rate of unemployment in Pakistan is 5.6%.
3. Low Growth of Agriculture Sector
Very fast growth rate of population is a pressure on land. It caused to
use of agricultural products at domestic level, increase in the landless
workers and shortage of food. Growth rate of agriculture sector is 1.2%.
4. Low Saving and Low Investment
The rapidly increasing population increases the expenditure of
government. It reduces the saving and investment. Low level of saving
& investment means economic backwardness. Domestic savings are
9.5% of GDP and total investment is 13.4% of GDP during 2010-11.
5. High Rate of Inflation
There is more demand for goods due to more population. More
demand results in more prices and inflation in the country. Rate of
inflation is 14.1 % in Pakistan.
6. Pollution
There is not any effective system to control the pollution. Capitalists
install industries with billion dollars of resources but do not install
treatment plants of million rupees. The rapid growth of population
creates pollution, unplanned colonies and environment problems.
7. Backward Social Infrastructure
Rapidly growing population creates economic and social problems such
as housing, education, health, transport, water, power etc.
10. Adverse Balance of Payment
Over populated nation has to import various items to support a huge
population. On the other hand their export decreases. Due to over
population our balance of payment is unfavourable in case of Pakistan.
At present value of deficit in balance of payment is $ 8.3 billion.
11. Reduction in Wage Rate
High growth rate of population is caused in more labour force and
unemployment. There is absence of skill and training that leads to low
wage rate.
MEASURES TO CONTROL OVER POPULATION
1. Control the Birth Rate
The high birth rate i. e., 2.1% should be discouraged to reduce the
population size. Effective and successful family planning should be
introduced.
2. Use of Medicines
More contraceptive medicines should be introduced to people. By using
these medicines; people will control the birth rate.
3. Late Marriages
Marriages should take place in late age to control the rapidly rising
population. It will be helpful to control the over population.
4. Health Centers
Government should open the health clinics in all the regions of the
country. These clinics will be useful for reducing the high birth rate.
5. High Literacy Rate
Government should provide the more educational facilities to the
backward population. This will provide the true picture of the economy,
resources and population growth rate. Literacy rate is 57.7% in
Pakistan.
6. Women Employment
Only 29 % women take an active part in the economic activities in
Pakistan. They live full time at home and have no opportunity cost to
have a baby.
7. Family Planning
Government should introduce the family planning to the population to
control the high growth rate of population.
8. Increase in Employment
More employment opportunities must be provided to the young,
talented, trained and educated population. It will be helpful to
decrease the fast birth rate.
Overpopulation-Strength or weakness of the world
1. Higher crime rate due to unequal distribution of wealth and insufficient financial
resources.
2. Environmental pollution. Trees are felled to make space for housing facilities.
3. Agricultural production is insufficient to meet the requirements of the entire
population, which results in higher prices.
4. Money is diverted to ensure that the population is fed, rather then carrying out
fundamental research.
5. Lower life expectancy.
6. People living in rural areas are not provided with employment opportunities.
7. Large number of people live in unhygienic conditions.
8. Birth rate is high.
9. Due to lack of proper medical facilities death rate is also very high. People
succumb to various diseases.
10.Child labor is common. To sustain themselves families force their children to
work, rather than send them to school.
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