Cleaning and Sanitizing

Objectives:
By the end of this chapter, you should be able to identify the following:
 Different ways of sanitizing and the requirements for each
 How and when to clean and sanitize surfaces
 How to wash items in a dishwasher or a three-compartment
sink and then store them
 How to use and store cleaning tools and supplies
 How to develop an effective cleaning program

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 Cleaning and Sanitizing

Cleaning:
 Removes food and other dirt from a surface

Sanitizing:
 Reduces pathogens on a surface to safe levels

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 Cleaners

Cleaners must be:

 Stable
 Noncorrosive
 Safe to use

Types of cleaners include:

 Detergents
 Degreasers
 Delimers
 Abrasive cleaners

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 Cleaners

To use cleaners correctly:

 Follow manufacturers’ instructions.
 Only use them for their intended purpose.
o Do NOT use one type of cleaner in place of
another unless the intended use is the same.

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 Sanitizers

Sanitizing methods:
 Heat sanitizing:
o Immerse the item in water that is 171˚F
(77˚C) for at least 30 seconds.
o Use a high-temperature dishwasher.
 Chemical sanitizing:
o Soak items in a sanitizing solution.
o Rinse, swab, or spray items with a
sanitizing solution.

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 Sanitizers

Chemical sanitizers:
 Commonly used chemical sanitizers include:
o Chlorine.
o Iodine.
o Quats (quaternary ammonium compounds).
 Detergent-sanitizer blends can be used In
some cases:
o Use it once to clean.
o Use it a second time to sanitize.

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 Sanitizer Effectiveness

Concentration:
 Sanitizers should be mixed with water to the
correct concentration:
o Not enough sanitizer may make the solution
weak and useless.
o Too much sanitizer may make the solution too
strong, unsafe, and corrode metal.

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 Sanitizer Effectiveness

Concentration:
 Check concentration with a test kit:
o Make sure the kit is made for the sanitizer
being used.
o Make sure kits are always available and
employees can easily access them.
o Check the concentration often.
 Change the solution when:
o It is dirty.
o The concentration is too low.

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 Sanitizer Effectiveness

Temperature:
 Follow manufacturer’s recommendations for
the correct temperature.

Contact time:
 The sanitizer must make contact with the item
for a specific time.
 Minimum times differ for each sanitizer.

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 Sanitizer Effectiveness

Water hardness and pH:

 Find out your operation’s water hardness and pH from your municipality.
 Work with your supplier to identify the correct amount of sanitizer to use for
your water.

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 Guidelines for the Effective Use of Sanitizers

Chlorine
Water temperature ≥100˚F (38˚C) ≥75˚F (24˚C)
Water pH ≤10 ≤8
Water hardness As per manufacturer’s recommendations
Sanitizer concentration range 50–99 ppm 50–99 ppm
Sanitizer contact time ≥7 sec ≥7 sec

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 Guidelines for the Effective Use of Sanitizers

Iodine Quats
Water temperature 68˚F (20˚C) 75˚F (24˚C)
Water pH ≤5 or as per manufacturer’s As per manufacturer’s
recommendations recommendations
Water hardness As per manufacturer’s ≤500 ppm or as per
recommendations manufacturer’s
recommendations
Sanitizer concentration range 12.5–25 ppm As per manufacturer’s
recommendations
Sanitizer contact time ≥30 sec ≥30 sec

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 How to Clean and Sanitize

How to clean and sanitize:

1. Scrape or remove food 2. Wash the surface. 3. Rinse the surface.

bits from the surface.

4. Sanitize the surface. 5. Allow the surface

to air-dry.
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 When to Clean and Sanitize

Food-contact surfaces must be cleaned

and sanitized:
 After they are used
 Before working with a different type of food
 After handling different raw TCS fruits and
vegetables
 Any time a task was interrupted and the items
may have been contaminated
 After four hours if the items are in constant use

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 Cleaning and Sanitizing Stationary Equipment

Follow the manufacturer’s directions.

General steps:
 Unplug the equipment.
 Take off the removable parts.
o Wash, rinse, and sanitize them by hand or run
the parts through a dishwasher if allowed.
 Scrape or remove food from the equipment
surfaces.

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 Cleaning and Sanitizing Stationary Equipment

General steps (continued):

 Wash the equipment surfaces.
 Rinse the equipment surfaces with clean water.
 Sanitize the equipment surfaces.
o Make sure the sanitizer comes in contact with
each surface.
 Allow all surfaces to air-dry.
 Put the unit back together.

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 Cleaning and Sanitizing Clean-in-Place Equipment

Equipment that holds and dispenses TCS food:

 Must be cleaned and sanitized every day unless otherwise indicated by the
manufacturer

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 Machine Dishwashing

High-temperature machines:
 Final sanitizing rinse must be at least
180˚F (82˚C).
o 165˚F (74˚C) for stationary rack,
single-temperature machines

Chemical-sanitizing machines:
 Clean and sanitize at much lower
temperatures.
 Follow the temperature guidelines provided by
the manufacturer.

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 Dishwasher Operation

Guidelines:
 Clean the machine as often as needed.
 Scrape items before washing.
 Use the correct dish racks.
 NEVER overload dish racks.
 Air-dry all items.

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 Dishwasher Operation

Guidelines:
 Check the machine’s water temperature, water
pressure, and sanitizer levels.
o Take corrective action if necessary.
 For high-temperature dishwashing machines,
provide tools to check the temperature of the
items being sanitized, such as:
o Maximum registering thermometers.
o Temperature sensitive tape.

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 Manual Dishwashing

Setting up a three-compartment sink:

 Clean and sanitize each sink and drain board.
 Fill the sinks:
o First sink—detergent and water at
least 110˚F (43˚C)
o Second sink—clean water
o Third sink—water and sanitizer

Provide a clock with a second hand.

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 Three-Compartment Sinks

Steps for cleaning and sanitizing:

1. Scrape items. 2. Wash items in the 3. Rinse items in the

first sink. second sink.

4. Sanitize items in 5. Air-dry items on a clean

the third sink. and sanitized surface.
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 Storing Tableware and Equipment

When storing clean and sanitized

tableware and equipment:
 Store them at least six inches (15 cm) off
the floor.
 Clean and sanitize drawers and shelves before
items are stored.
 Store glasses and cups upside down on a
clean and sanitized shelf or rack.

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 Storing Tableware and Equipment

When storing clean and sanitized

tableware and equipment:
 Store flatware and utensils with handles up.
 Clean and sanitize trays and carts used to
carry clean tableware and utensils.
 Cover the food-contact surfaces of stationary
equipment until ready for use.

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 Cleaning and Sanitizing in the Operation

Wiping cloths:
 Used to wipe up food spills and wipe down equipment.
 Two types:
o Wet wiping cloths
o Dry wiping cloths
 NEVER use cloths that are meant for wiping food spills for any
other purpose.

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 Cleaning and Sanitizing in the Operation

Wet wiping cloths:

 For wiping counters and other surfaces.
 Store in sanitizer solution between uses.
o Change the solution when necessary.
 Keep cloths that contact raw meat, fish, and
poultry separate from other cleaning cloths.

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 Cleaning and Sanitizing in the Operation

Dry wiping cloths:

 Used to wipe food spills from tableware
 Must be kept dry while in use
 Must NOT
o Contain food debris
o Be visibly dirty

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 Cleaning and Sanitizing in the Operation

Cleaning the nonfood-contact surfaces on

the premises:
 Nonfood-contact surfaces include:
o Floors, ceilings, walls, equipment exteriors, etc.
 Regular cleaning prevents:
o Buildup of dust, dirt, food residue and
other debris
o Growth of pathogens
o Pests

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 Cleaning and Sanitizing in the Operation

Cleaning up after people who get sick:

 Diarrhea and vomit must be cleaned up correctly.
o They can carry Norovirus, which is highly contagious.
 Correct cleanup can prevent:
o Contamination of food.
o Spreading illness to others.
 Operations must have procedures for cleaning up vomit and diarrhea:
o Procedures must be specific.
o Employees must be trained on these procedures.

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 Cleaning and Sanitizing in the Operation

Storing cleaning tools and chemicals:

 Place in a separate area away from food and
prep areas.

The storage area should have:

 Good lighting so chemicals can be easily seen
 Hooks for hanging cleaning tools
 Utility sink for filling buckets and washing
cleaning tools
 Floor drain for dumping dirty water

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 Cleaning and Sanitizing in the Operation

NEVER:
 Clean tools in sinks used for:
o Handwashing
o Food prep
o Dishwashing
 Dump mop water or other liquid waste into
toilets or urinals.

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 Cleaning and Sanitizing in the Operation

Using foodservice chemicals:

 Only use chemicals approved for foodservice
operations.
o NEVER keep chemicals that are not used in the
operation.
 Cover or remove items that could become
contaminated before using chemicals.
 After using chemicals, clean and sanitize
equipment and utensils.
 Follow the law and manufacturers’ directions.

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 Cleaning and Sanitizing in the Operation

Storing foodservice chemicals:

 Store chemicals in their original containers.
 Keep chemicals separate from food,
equipment, utensils, and linens by either:
o Spacing chemicals away from other items
o Partitioning chemicals from other items
 Always store chemicals below food, equipment,
utensils, and linens.

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 Cleaning and Sanitizing in the Operation

Labeling foodservice chemicals:

 Manufacturer’s label must:
o Include directions for use.
o Be clear enough to read.
 If chemicals are transferred to a new working
container:
o The working container must be labeled with the
common name.

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 Developing a Cleaning Program

To develop an effective cleaning program:

 Create a master cleaning schedule.
 Train your staff to follow it.
 Monitor the program to make sure it works.

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 Developing a Cleaning Program

To create a master cleaning schedule, identify:

 What should be cleaned
 Who should clean it
 When it should be cleaned
 How it should be cleaned

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 Developing a Cleaning Program

Train your staff and monitor the cleaning

program:
 Supervise daily cleaning routines.
 Check cleaning tasks against the master
schedule every day.
 Change the master schedule as needed.
 Ask staff for input on the program.

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