Analytical Skills

Dr. Nitesh Kumar

Panday
Learning
Outcomes
After this lecture, you will be able to

• understand concept of profit loss,

• understand cost price and selling price,

• solve problems based on cost price and

selling price.
Introduction

• Cost Price: The price, at which an article is

purchased, is called its cost price, abbreviated
as C.P.

• Selling Price: The price, at which an article is

sold, is called its selling price, abbreviated as
S.P.

• Profit or Gain: If S.P. is greater than C.P., the

seller is said to have a profit or gain.

•
 MP= Rs.
600
Discount
=Rs.100
Mark up= Rs.
200 SP=
Rs.500

Profit
= Rs.100
CP=
Rs.400

A shopkeeper buys a T-shirt from whole sale market at

Rs.400 and marked that article Rs.200 above the CP.
After giving a discount of Rs.100 he sold it at Rs.500.
Problems without applying formula

SP IN TERMS OF CP
• If the profit is 10%,

• SP = CP + 10%CP

• = 110% CP

• ∴ SP = 110% CP or SP = 1.10 CP

• If the profit is 20%,

• SP = 120% CP or SP = 1.20 CP

• If the loss is 25%,

• SP = 75% CP or SP = 0.75 CP
 Example 1:

Q. A dealer loses 20% if an article is sold at the price of 16000. At

what price he/she has to sell to gain 20%?

• In the first case the loss is 20% ∴ SP = 80% CP

• In the second case the gain has to be 20%

• ∴ SP = 120% CP

• Substituting the given values

• 80% CP = 16000

• 120% CP = 80% + 40%= 16000 + 8000= 24000

• ∴ He/she has to sell the article at Rs 24000 to gain 20%.

Example 2. A dealer loses 40% if the plot is sold
at the price of 32000. At what price he/she has
to sell to gain 50%?
Difference in percentage

Example: 3 A man sold an article at 10% profit. Had

it been sold for Rs. 50 more, he would have gained
15%. Find the cost price of the article.

Here the difference in percentage is 5%

The difference in price is Rs 50

• 5% CP= Rs 50 CP = Rs 1000
Example 4. A man sells a book at 7% loss. Had
he sold it for Rs.72 more he could have gained
5%. What is the cost price of the article?

a) 500 b) 600 c) 622 d) 700

 If the selling price is unknown

Example:5 A man buys an article for Rs. 1400 and sells

it at a profit of 15%. What is the selling price of the
article?
15% +
CP = 1400
Profit = 15% 10% = 140
CP SP
5% = 70
15% +
15% = 210

1400 1610
Example 6. A man buys a cycle for Rs. 2400 and sells
it at a loss of 20%. What is the selling price of the
cycle?
If the cost price is unknown
Example: 7 By selling an article of Rs. 1200 a man
makes profit of 25%. What is the C.P?

SP = 1200 25% +
Profit = 25% 25% + = 1/4 +
CP SP
Increase = 1/4
Decrease = 1/5
20% - = 20% -

960 1200
10% = 120
20% - 20% = 240
Example 8. By selling a shirt of Rs. 3300 a man
makes loss of 25%. What is the C.P?
CP = Rs.500
P = 20 %
SP = ?

CP = Rs.800
L = 30 %
SP = ?
SP = Rs.720
P = 20 %
CP = ?

SP = Rs. 810
L = 10 %
CP = ?
 Practice Questions
Q.1. When a plot is sold for Rs. 18,700, the owner loses
15%. At what price must that plot be sold in order to
gain 15%?

[A] Rs.21000
[B] Rs.22500
[C] Rs.25300
[D] Rs.25800
Q.2. A bicycle is sold at 10% profit. Had it been sold for
Rs. 10 less, the profit would have been 5% only. What
is the cost price of the bicycle?

a) Rs 190
b) Rs 200
c) Rs 210
d) Rs 2000
Q.3. A shopkeeper selling his goods at 7% loss. Had he
sold it for Rs.800 more then he would get 9% profit.
Find the CP of that article.

[A] 500

[B] 6000

[C] 5000

[D] 4500
Q.4. A shopkeeper selling his goods at 20% profit. Had
he purchase it 10% less and sold it for Rs.18 less then
he would get 30% profit. Find the initial CP of that
article.

[A] 540

[B] 600

[C] 1200

[D] 720
Q.5. A shopkeeper selling his goods at 10% profit. Had
he purchase it 20% less and sold it for Rs.20 more then
he would get 40% profit. Find the initial SP of that
article.

[A] 1000

[B] 2000

[C] 1100

[D] 720
Q.6. A shopkeeper selling his goods at 30% profit. Had
he purchase it for Rs.2700 less and sold it for Rs.2700
less then he would get 10% more profit. Find the initial
CP of that article.

[A] 10000

[B] 10800

[C] 12500

[D] None
Q.7. A shopkeeper sold an article at 25% profit. If the
CP and SP are decreased by Rs.20 and Rs.40
respectively then the profit percent would be decreased
by 15 %. Find CP of the articles.

[A] 120

[B] 200

[C] 180

[D] 240
Q.8. A man purchase some number of articles at the
rate of 11 articles for Rs.1. How many articles should he
sell for Rs.1 to gain 10% profit.

[A] 11

[B] 10

[C] 12

[D] 14
Q.9. A man purchase 25 articles for Rs.1. How many
articles should he sell for Rs.1 to gain 25% profit.

[A] 21

[B] 28

[C] 20

[D] None
Q.10. By selling 32 articles for Rs.1 a man earn loss of
40 %. How many articles should he sell for Rs.1 to gain
20% profit.

[A] 16

[B] 17

[C] 18

[D] 19
Q.11. By selling 45 articles for Rs.40 a man earn loss of
20 %. How many articles should he sell for Rs.24 to
gain 20% profit.

[A] 20

[B] 27

[C] 18

[D] None
Q.12. A shopkeeper purchase 2 articles for Rs.9600. He
sold the first article at 20% loss and second article at
60% profit then he find that both the articles being sold
on the same price. Find the CP of first article.

[A] 6400

[B] 3200

[C] 6000

[D] 5400
Q.13. A shopkeeper sells 2 articles. He sold the first
article at 15% loss and second article at 19% profit.
During the whole transaction he earn a loss of Rs90.
Find the CP of second article if the SP of both articles
are same.

[A] 5000

[B] 4500

[C] 2000

[D] None
Q.14. A shopkeeper sells 3 articles. He sold the first
article at 20% profit, second article at 10% loss and
third at 25% loss. During the whole transaction he earn
a loss of Rs60. Find the SP of first article if the SP of all
the articles are same.

[A] 216

[B] 180

[C] 240

[D] None
That’s all for now…