A4.
1 SL
Formative
Assessment
By: Amiya Desai
Evidence for evolution from homologous
structures
Structures which have similar anatomy but carry out
different functions are homologous. They have
developed from a common ancestor. This is referred to
asThey
divergent
have similarevolution.
or the
same bones in the same
relative positions, but they
have become different
because they perform
different functions due to
different selection pressures
(adaptive radiation).
The fact that limbs
of vertebrates
conform but show
modification
suggests that
these organisms
share a common
ancestry.
The process of
diversifying into a
range of different
species from a
common ancestor
is called adaptive
Vestigial organs
Vestigial structures are
often homologous to
structures that function
normally in other species.
Therefore, vestigial
structures can be
considered evidence for
evolution, the process by
which beneficial heritable
traits arise in populations
over an extended period of
Convergent evolution as the origin of
analogous structures
Analogous structures
have similar form and
function due to
convergent evolution but
have not developed from
a common ancestor and
therefore have different
evolutionary origins.
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Drawbacks
Homologous structures can be
misinterpreted as analogous if the
underlying shared ancestry is not
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recognized, leading to incorrect conclusions
about evolutionary relationships. For this
reason, the morphology (form and
structure) of organisms is now rarely used
for identifying members of a clade and
evidence from base or amino acid
Speciation by splitting of pre-existing
species
Speciation by splitting of pre-existing
species, also known as cladogenesis, is
the evolutionary process where a single
ancestral species divides into two or
more descendant species. This process
involves the accumulation of genetic
differences between the diverging
populations, eventually leading to
reproductive isolation, where they can no
longer interbreed to produce viable
Roles of reproductive isolation in
speciation
Speciation is the formation of a new species by splitting of an
existing one. Two processes are required for this:
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1.Reproductive isolation 2. Differential selection
Species must stop Significant differences
interbreeding, this in natural selection
causes separation of must occur for traits of
genes anddivergence. A two populations to
barrier which prevents become more and more
gene flow between different.
different genepools
achieves this.
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Thanky
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