Network Reliability is an quality of any computer-related component (software, or
hardware, or a network, for example) that consistently performs according to its
specifications. It has long been considered when making, buying, or using a computer
product or component.
Network Performance refers to measures of service quality of a network. There are many
different ways to measure the performance of a network, as each network is different in
nature and design.
Network Scalability is an quality that describes the ability of a process, network, software
or organization to grow and manage increased demand.
Software Compatibility is a characteristic of software components or systems which can
operate satisfactorily together on the same computer, or on different computers linked by a
computer network. It is possible that some software components or systems may be
compatible in one environment and incompatible in another.
Network Security consists of the policies, processes and practices adopted to prevent,
detect and monitor unauthorized access, misuse, modification, or denial of a computer
network and network-accessible.
Network Backup is the most important part of any IT department's backup and recovery
plan. It's the process of identifying what network components need to be backed up and
copying data from all end devices and network nodes within the IT infrastructure
onto another server or network backup device.
What is Protocol
A protocol is a standard set of
rules that allow electronic
devices to communicate with
each other. These rules
include what type of data may
be transmitted, what
commands are used to send
and receive data, and how data
transfers are confirmed. You
can think of a protocol as a
spoken language.
Why we need Protocol
Network protocols define the rules that govern network communication. These rules
determine things like packet format, type and size. These layers communicate with
each other according to the rules, allowing human communication to occur
accurately and efficiently.
Protocols are basically needed because it's important for the receiver to understand
the sender. In computer communications, protocols also make sure the message gets
to its destination properly, in entirety, and with out distortion. Answer: Protocols are
simply rules for communication.
What is the purpose of protocols in data communications?
Protocols provide rules that define how a message is transmitted across a
network. Implementation requirements such as electronic and bandwidth details for
data communication are specified by standards.
Why protocol and standard are needed?
Protocols and standards make networks work together. Protocols make it possible
for the various components of a network to communicate with each other, and
standards make it possible for different manufacturers' network components to work
together.
Networking Protocol Types
A Network Protocol is an established set of rules that determine how data is transmitted
between different devices in the same network. Essentially, it allows connected devices to
communicate with each other, regardless of any differences in their internal processes,
structure or design.
There are three main types of network protocols. These include:
Network Management (Monitoring) Protocols
Network Communication Protocols
Network Security protocols
1. Network Monitoring Protocols:
•Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
•Internet Control Message Point (ICMP)
•Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)
2. Network Communication Protocols:
3. Network Security Protocols:
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• TCP/IP
•IPsec
• User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
•VPN
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
•SSL
• Post Office Protocol (POP3)
•TLS
• Internet Message Access Protocol
•Application Transparent Transport Layer Security
(IMAP)
•Kerberos
• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
•OSPF authentication
• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
•SNMP-v3
(DHCP)
• Domain Name Server (DNS)
How does Routers will interconnect
TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control What is the TCP IP model
Protocol/Internet Protocol and makes it
possible for devices connected to the
internet to communicate with one
another across networks.
The main purpose of TCP/IP model is to
connect two or more remote machines to
communicate . These machines can be
operating in different networks or have
different architecture.
If someone is focusing more on the
implementation, reliability, and security
of the network, should prefer the
TCP/IP model.
TCP/IP Protocol Stack
The TCP/IP Stack, or the Internet
Protocol Suite, is a set of
communication protocols used by
the Internet or similar networks. As
you can see from the image, the
TCP/IP stack comprises a series of
Protocols. Some you will be familiar
with (HTTP, FTP, SMTP)
Types of Network Protocols
TCP Transmission Control Protocol This is the protocol that ensure all the communication between
computers and server computers and other devices.
IP Internet Protocol This is the protocol that govern the IP addresses of each and every devices in the
network.
UDP User Datagram Protocol This is the protocol that establish communication such as Audio, Video and
Streaming.
DNS Domain Name Server This is the protocol that translate IP addresses to names and names to IP
addresses. (example: yahoo.com 93.137.11.163)
Types of Network Protocols Continue
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol This is the protocol that need to automate the
process of assigning IP addresses to network devices automatically.
PoP3 Post office Protocol This is the protocol that use to receive e-mails.
SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol This is the protocol that that use to send e-mails.
FTP File Transfer Protocol This is the protocol that allows uploading and downloading files
between server computers and client computers.
HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol This is the protocol that use to communicate between web
server and web client. Actually this protocol is the foundation of the World Wide Web.
What is Data Transmission
When it comes to data transmission over the network or internet, refers to digital
data should be arrange in similar manner that we call data packets.
Data integrity is more important when it transfer from one location to another
location or when it stored in a database.
Accuracy of the data is maintained by rules applied to maintain the quality of the
data. The rules are applied through the protocols.
That is why we used TCP/IP protocol stack for data transmission over the
network or internet.
Function of a computer network, there 6 components need.
1. Sender
2. Sender Protocol
3. Message
4. Transmission Media
5. Receiver Protocol
6. Receiver
TCP/IP and Data
Transmission
TCP/IP specifies how data is
exchanged over the internet by
providing end-to-end
communications that identify
how it should be broken into
packets, addressed, transmitted,
routed and received at the
destination. Each gateway on
the network checks this IP
address to determine where to
forward the message.
Data Transmission Methods
Data transmission over the network or internet can be happen in many different ways.
Through out the network or internet data will be splitting into data packets. These data
packets will convert to digital signal and transmit through the network media.
Method One Serial or Parallel
Method Two Unicast, Multicast, Broadcast
Method Three Simplex, Half Duplex, Full Duplex
Method One
Method Two
Method Three
Networking Standards
Networking standards define the rules
for data communications that are
needed for interoperability of
networking technologies and processes.
Most popular Standards:
ANSI American National Standard Institute
ISO International Standard Organization
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic
Engineers
TIA Telecommunications Industry
Association
IEEE Standard
Institute of Electrical and Electronic
Engineers is governing body that
provides standards for LAN networks
and for MAN networks only.
These standards will help us to low
product cost, and easy to manage our
networks.
In 1980 February IEEE has introduce
several number of standards for wired
and wireless networks.
These standards they name 802 (to
remember 1980 second month).
Network Technologies
Ethernet is a way of connecting computers together in a local area network or LAN. It has been the
most widely used method of linking computers together in LANs. The basic idea of its design is that
multiple computers have access to it and can send data at any time.
Broadband commonly refers to high-speed Internet access that is always ON and faster than the
traditional dial-up access. Broadband includes several high-speed transmission technologies.
Wi-Fi is a wireless networking technology that allows devices such as computers (laptops and
desktops), mobile devices (smart phones and wearable's), and other equipment (printers and video
cameras) to interface with the Internet.
WiMAX technology is a wireless broadband communications technology providing high speed data
over a wide area. The letters of WiMAX stand for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access.
Li-Fi (light fidelity) is a bidirectional wireless system that transmits data via LED or infrared light.
