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1 Introduction

The document outlines the history of embryology from ancient times, highlighting key milestones such as the first recorded embryological data by Hippocrates and the development of artificial insemination and IVF techniques. It discusses the ethical and legal debates surrounding IVF technologies and the implications for society. Additionally, it provides statistics on fertility rates and factors affecting conception and reproductive health.

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Wissam Alwazani
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32 views12 pages

1 Introduction

The document outlines the history of embryology from ancient times, highlighting key milestones such as the first recorded embryological data by Hippocrates and the development of artificial insemination and IVF techniques. It discusses the ethical and legal debates surrounding IVF technologies and the implications for society. Additionally, it provides statistics on fertility rates and factors affecting conception and reproductive health.

Uploaded by

Wissam Alwazani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

History and Ethics

1
 The history of embryology goes back to
ancient Indian and Greece.
 1416 B.C: Ancient Indian embryology was
thought to have been written.
 500 B.C: The Greek physician Hippocrates
recorded the first embryological data in a
book.
 600 A.D: Quran described the sperm , the
plantation process, the leech, the chewed
substance and other stages of human
development.

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 J. Hunter (1790): reported the first successful
artificial insemination hypospadias man (a
condition in which the opening of the urethra is
on the underside of the penis).
 Rock and Menken (1944): first to report
fertilization of human eggs In vitro.
 Rubin (1950): published a paper entitled “thirty
years of progress in treating infertility”.
 Bunge et al. (1954) : Artificial insemination (AI)
with frozen sperm.
 Mastroianni (1957): reviewed various
techniques for AI.

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4
 Edward and Steptoe (1978): the first
successful IVF attempt /Louise Brown.
 Lenze and Lawresten (1982): ultrasound

guidance
 Asch et al. (1986): GIFT
 Devroey (1986) : ZIFT
 Neg et al. (1988): injection of sperm under

the zona pellucida (SUZI).

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6
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 IVF introduced one of the most complex
ethical matters in late 20th century.
 Ethical and legal debate throughout the

world.
 Ethical decisions involve many religious and

legislative autherities.
 Many legislations were

placed.

By: Dr. Ata Ali 8


 Last five decades of progress.
 Achievements in IVF technologies,

laparoscopy, ultrasonography, endocrine


assay, sperm, egg & embryo preservation,
etc.

9
 Conception: embracing a variety of factors
leading to implantation and pregnancy.
 Fecundity: a measure of a person, a

couple or a society to have children.


 Fertility: measures the no. of alive children

born to a couple.
 Infertility: failure to conceive after one

year of marriage.

By: Dr. Ata Ali 10


 Most Arabic and Islamic societies are highly
fertile.
 U.S.A.: 1875: Hutterites have 9.8 / mother

.births = 8 / mother :1790


.birth = 1.8 / mother :1990
 England and Wales: 1861: live children =

8.4 / mother.
 Canada: 1941: live birth = 9.9 / mother.

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 Rate of conception / reproductive cycle = 80 %
(many mammals).
 Rate of conception / reproductive cycle = 20 %
(human).
 Normal abortion rate in human = 15 %.
 Abortion is age related.
 Fecundity rate in the female declines 3 % per year
 Rate of abortion or birth anomalies increase with
maternal age.
 Decline in fertility in smokers.

12

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