FUNDAMENTALS
OF
MATHEMATICS
Advanced Mathematics 7
Learning Targets:
I can..
…differentiate prime from composite
numbers
…recall the methods of prime
factorization
PRIME AND COMPOSITE
“How important is the understanding and
appreciation of the number theory in solving
problems in real life situation?
MAP OF CONCEPTUAL CHANGE
Directions: Determine whether the given statement is TRUE or
FALSE.
STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE
A factor is a number that multiplied by
another to give a product..
A prime number that has only two factors,
itself and 1.
The least common multiple is the least non-
zero common multiple of two or more
numbers.
1 2. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
ACTIVITY 1 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Sieve on Eratosthenes 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
Activity 1:
a. You will need many different colors. Use one color for each factor.
b. Circle the number “1”. 1 is neither prime nor composite, as we have
seen earlier.
c. Now, circle 2. Every multiple of 2 is a composite number, so put a dot of
that color next to all of the multiples of 2.
d. Use a new color. Now, circle 3. Every multiple of 3 is a composite
number, so put a dot of this new color next to all multiples of 3.
e. Now, 4 has a dot next to it--it is not prime. Skip it and move on.
f. Use a new color. Circle 5, and then put a dot of this new color next to all
multiples of 5.
g. Now, 6 has a dot next to it--it is not prime. Skip it and move on.
h. Continue in this manner up to 11. Then, stop.
Now here are the questions to answer:
1. When you circled 11, were there any multiples
of 11 that did not already have dots next to
them?
2. Can you explain to a child why this was true?
3. What does this have to do with factors and
multiples?
4. What are the prime numbers that are between
1 and 100?
5. Is 1 a prime number?
6. What do you call to numbers with multiples?
DEFINITION of Primes, Composites Numbers and
Units
A natural number that possesses exactly two
different factors, itself and 1, is called a prime
number. A natural number that possesses more
than two different factors is called a composite
number. The number 1 is called a unit , it is neither
prime nor composite.
Examples: 36 has 9 factors, therefore it is
called a composite number. A composite
number is a natural number with more than two
factors. It means that it has factors other than 1.
On the other hand, 19 has only 1 and itself as
factors. Numbers with only factors like 19,2,3,
and 97 are called prime numbers.
What is the difference between prime and composite numbers?
.
ACTIVITY 2 & 3
Activity 2: “Prime or Composite”
Directions: Write P if the given
number is prime and C if it is composite
1.5 ________
2.31 ________
3.98 ________
4.102 ________
5.167 ________
If a number is composite, then it
can be expressed as a product of
its prime factors. Let’s take 48 as
example.
48 = 2·2·2·2·3
= 2·2·2·3·2
= 2·2·3·2·2
= 2·3·2·2·2
48 = 24 ·3
ACTIVITY 2 & 3
Activity 3: “Prime Factors”
Directions: Determine the prime
factors of the given numbers.
1. 34
2. 88
3. 96
4. 102
5. 132
ACTIVITY 2 & 3
Activity 3: “Prime Factors”
Directions: Determine the prime
factors of the given numbers.
6. 48
7. 125
8. 544
9. 620
10. 1080
THEOREM 1-3.1 Simple Product Form
of the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic.
Every natural number greater than 1 is a prime or
can be expressed as product of primes in one and
only one way apart from other.
All these will be equal to 2 · 3,
4
which proves the theorem that
every composite number can
be expressed as a product of
primes in one and only one way
apart from order. Or what we
called PRIME
FACTORIZATION
PRIME FACTORIZATION
METHODS
Listing Method
There are different ways on how to do prime factorization.
These are listing, factor tree and ladder method.
Listing Method
Just list the possible prime factors of that number. Then
express the factors into exponential form.
Examples: 12 = 2·2·3 56 = 2·2·2·7
= 22·3 = 22·3
Factor Tree Method
Find all the prime numbers that were Multiplied together to produce
the original number. In other words, break down the original number into
factors. Continue to break down the factor so that all that is left is prime
number.
Find the prime factorization of a. 28 b. 72.
^ ^
^ 28 ^ 72
2 14
^ 2 36
a. 28 = 2•2•7 2 7^ 2 18
=22•7 2 9
b. 72 = 2•2•2•3•7 3 3
= 22•32
Ladder Method/Continuous Division Method
Divide the given number by any prime number. Write the quotient
below the given number. The numbers not divisible by the prime number are
just brought down. Continue the process until each of the quotients is either
prime or 1.
Examples :
a. Find the prime factors of 48. b. Find the prime factors of
72
2 48 2 72
2 24 2 36
2 12 2 18
2 6 3 9
3 3
48 = 2·2·2·2·3 = 24·3 Exponential form 72 =
2·2·2·3·3 = 23·32
ACTIVITY 2 & 3
Activity 3: “Prime Factors”
Directions: Determine the prime
factors of the given numbers. Use the two
methods of factoring.
1. 34
2. 88
3. 96
4. 102
5. 132
ACTIVITY 2 & 3
Activity 3: “Prime Factors”
Directions: Determine the prime
factors of the given numbers. Use the two
methods of factoring.
6. 48
7. 125
8. 544
9. 620
10. 1080
ACTIVITY 4
Activity 4: “Give me PRIME”
Directions: Give the prime factorization
of the following numbers using any
method.
1. 48
2. 32
3. 144
4. 240
ACTIVITY 5
Answer activity 4 in the google classroom
