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Technology and Livelihood
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Drafting Electricity
Carpentry Electronics
Masonry Cosmetology
Plumbing Foods
Entrepreneurship
Drafting
Drafting
The process of drawing to communicate ideas
and instructions to others.
Most manufactured products and all major
buildings were first created on drawing
boards
Drafting Equipment
T square –instrument used in drawing
horizontal lines. It is also used in guiding
triangles when drawing vertical lines.
Drafting Equipment
Triangle – a three sided ruler which has
typically two equal sides meeting at 90 0.
30 x 60 and
45 x 45 degrees.
Drafting Equipment
Divider - is used to create equal distances,
transfer measurements and spacing points or
lines
Drafting Equipment
Masking tape - material used for fastening
the drawing paper on the drawing table.
Drafting Equipment
Erasing Shield - is a useful tool to protect
the rest of the drawing when clearing up
smudges, unnecessary pencil lines and other
erasures.
Drafting Equipment
Pencil - is made of a much better grade of graphite, commonly
called lead which is used in drawing lines. (9H, 8H, 7h, 6H, 5H,
4H, 3H, 2H, H, HB, B, 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B, and 6B)
Konting Kaalaman
July 7, 1937 – Marco polo bridge incident led to
a prolonged war between China and Japan
September 1, 1939 – Germany invaded Poland,
which led Britain and France to declare war on
Hitler’s Nazi state
These exact dates led to the start of World
War II
Drafting
Freehand drawing or Sketching – the use
of pencil, paper and eraser only.
Drafting
Mechanical drawing – describing the
shapes of objects completely and exactly with
the aid of drawing instruments and by the use
of orthographic projection.
Drafting
Technical Drawing – used to show the
material, dimension (Width, Height, Depth) and
shape of a product.
Drafting
Orthographic Drawing– representing the
exact shape of an object into 2 or more views
on planes, generally at right angle or 90
degrees.
Drafting
Isometric drawing – the object is represented
by three sides seen at one time. It is made with
a 30 x 60 degrees triangle.
Drafting
Pictorial drawing – it shows object as it
would appear in a photograph. It shows more
than one side of the object.
Konting Kaalaman
December 7, 1941– The surprise military strike
of the imperial Japanese navy on pearl harbor
which led the United states entry to world war II
USS Arizona – Was the first major naval warship
to be sunk with thousands of lives we’re claimed
during the attack.
These exact dates led to World War II in the
pacific
Lettering (Free Hand)
Lettering is usually done freehand
Either one of these two styles may be made;
vertically or inclined.
Italics is 67.5 degrees
Lettering (Free Hand)
A good height of lettering for dimension and
notes on a working drawing is 1/8 of an inch.
Lettering (Free Hand)
For the lettering of subtitles 3/16 of an inch is
recommended.
All titles should be lettered with capital
letters.
When only capital letters are used, the
beginning letter of each sentence is often
made higher than the remaining letters.
When lower case letters are used, capitals
are used in the beginning letter at the start of
a sentence, and for proper names,
Lettering (Guidelines)
[1]Cap line – the uppermost line for
uppercase letters and for ascender.
[2]Waist line – line between Cap and Base
lines, used to determine the height of the
lower case letters.
[3]Base line – line where all the letters rest
or stand.
[4]Drop [1] line – a line for letters with strokes
that extend
[2]
[3]
[4]
Day
downward known as descender.
Drafting (Kinds of Letters)
Gothic – all letters are composed of uniform
width elements
ABCDEF abcdef
Roman – letters have strokes (accented), or
made up of thick and thin elements
ABCDEF abcdef
Text – elements are made with style C or D
speedball pens. Old English, church text.
ABCDEF abcdef
Drafting (Lines)
[1]Dimension line - used to indicate the measurement of objects
which are represented by dark solid lines.
[2]Extension line – fine line used to show clearly the dimension
limits.
[3]Center line – light broken lines used in circles, sometimes as
extension line
[4]Leader line – line leading from a dimension value, or
explanatory note to the feature on the drawing. An arrowhead is
used in pointing end but not in note end.
[5]Long break – a limiting line used to limit the length of
elongated object.
[6]Invisible line - a series of light dash line that represents parts
of a drawing that are not seen.
Border line - is considered as the darkest lines that surround a
drawing usually in rectangular shape
Drafting (Lines) [1]Dimension
line
[2]Extension line
[5 [3]Center line
] [4]Leader line
[5]Long break
[6]Invisible line
[2 [1
] ]
3’ [3
’ ]
[4]
[6]
Drafting (Isometric Drawing)
It presents the object in 3 views, FV (Front View), TV (Top
View) and RSV (Right Side View).
Three axes are needed to perform isometric drawing, the
vertical axis, left 300 axis and right 300 axis (a=1200 ,
b=1200 , c=1200 )
Drafting (Isometric Drawing)
The drawing that has equal measure.
The BOX method is the starting point of isometric
drawings.
Drating (Pictorial Drawing)
Axonometric Drawing – the object
turned so that three faces are viewed
simultaneously
Oblique Drawing
a pictorial drawing having one side parallel
to the picture plane. It maybe drawn at any
convenient angle.
Drating (Pictorial Drawing)
Types of Oblique drawing
Cavalier –the width, depth and height is the
true length or size (Actual representation)
Cabinet –the depth is reduced to one half. The
front is actual size, while the depth of top and
right side are drawn one half to the actual
Drating (Pictorial Drawing)
Perspective Drawing – the most realistic, the
object is drawn as it seen by the naked eye.
One point drawing (Vanishing Point)
Two points drawing
VP
Drafting (Perspective)
Sample Question 1
b c
A.) Perspective a
B.) Isometric
C.) Orthographic
D.) Technical
Sample Question 2
This is a kind of letter in lettering where letters have
strokes (accented), or made up of thick and thin
elements
ABCDEF abcdef
A.) Gothic
B.) Roman
C.) Text
D.) Old English
Sample Question 3
This is a series of light dash line that
represents parts of a drawing that are not
seen.
A.) Dimension Line
B.) Leader Line
C.) Invisible Line
D.) Center Line
