COIMBATORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(GOVERNMENT AIDED AUTONOMOUS
INSTITUTION)
COIMBATORE-641014
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
MINI PROJECT
Guided by: Dr.R.Sathyanarayan Sridhar
BATCH NO. 9
Arutcholai Riyas Muhammad A 2201007
Sange Sharjo 2201036
Surjakanta Irengbam 2201044
Takash Dongche 2201047
SITE 1(Boys Hostel Building for
Coimbatore Institute Of Technology)
TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION: HOSTEL BUILDING
PLOT AREA : 25000 sq ft
BUILT UP AREA : 23380 sq ft
NO OF FLOORS : G+3
BUDGET : Rs 2,22,11,000
LOCATION : Coimbatore Institute Of Technology, Civil Aerodrome Post
SOIL TYPE: Clay
SAFE BEARING CAPACITY: 300 KN/sqm
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GROUND FLOOR PLAN
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1.COMPACTION AND CONSOLIDATION
Consolidation is the process by which soil
decreases in volume under influence of sustained
load thereby making soil more dense and stable.
Compaction refers to increasing of soil density by
reducing volume of air in soil pores.
Type of compaction: rodding
Instrument used : crowbar
To make ease of compaction ,water is poured into
foundation pits and compress it.
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2. COLUMN
• Definition: Columns are vertical structural
elements that transfer loads from beams or slabs to
foundations.
• Purpose:
• Carry axial and lateral loads.
• Provide structural stability.
• Types of Columns: Reinforced Concrete (RC),
Steel, Timber, and Composite.
• Materials used in column:
Concrete:Provides compressive strength
Steel Reinforcement: Enhances tensile strength.
Formwork:Temporary molds for casting concrete
Other materials:Timber,steel,etc.
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COLUMN DETAILS
Cross section of column : 460mm by 230
mm
Concrete grade : M20(1:1.5:3)
Sand : M Sand
Reinforcement Details:
6# 16 mm dia, 2# 12mm dia
Stirrups- 8mm dia at spacing of 200mm
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1) Preparation
Reinforcement Placement:
Formwork setup:
1) Installation: Erect the formwork( typically
of wood which is to be sturdy and properly
aligned.
2) Cleaning and oiling:
Clean the formwork and apply releasing
releasing agent(oil) to prevent concrete
from sticking.
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2)Concrete Pouring:
Concrete is poured into formwork in layers (not
exceeding 300 mm to 500 mm)at a time.
3) Compaction
Internal vibrators are used to compact concrete
and to remove air pockets.
4) Curing
Using gunny bags to cover concrete surfaces
It is done to stop from drying out.These bags
are watered on a regular basis.
Curing duration is 10 days.
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3. ROOF BEAMS
A roof beam is a horizontal structural member that
supports the load of the roof and transfers it to
vertical supports such as columns or walls.
FUNCTIONS:
1) Load Distribution:
Supports weight of roof structure and any
additional loads like wind,snow,etc
2) Structural Stability:
Connects walls or columns ensuring lateral
stability of building.
3) Support for roofing materials:
Holds up roof deck,tiles or other roofing
materials.
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REINFORCEMENT DETAILS
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4. ROOF SLAB
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ROOF SLAB REINFORCEMENT
4700/457
= 1.028 < 2
4700
4570
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CONCRETING FOR SLAB
Method of mixing: Machine mixing
Transportation: RMC Vehicle
Placing of concrete: by pump and
placing boom
Grade of concrete : M25
Mix ratio: 1:1:2
Fine aggregate: Msand
Max size of coarse aggregate: 20mm
Cement used: OPC
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CURING OF ROOF SLAB
Method used: Ponding
Small ponds or bunds of water are
created on the slab surface to keep it
submerged in water.
Curing period is at least 10 days
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5. STAIRCASE
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6. BRICKWORK
English bond
230mm
105mm x 75mm
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SITE 2 ( INDIRA NAGAR ,
THOTTIPALAYAM )
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FLOOR PAN
FOUNDATION MARKING
• Foundation marking is a critical process
in construction that involves setting out
the exact positions of a building's
foundation on the ground.
• This step ensures that the structure's
foundation is correctly aligned with
architectural plans.
• Foundation marking serves as a guide for
excavation, pouring concrete, and
constructing other foundational elements
like footings and slabs.
Tools and Techniques:
• String Lines: These are often used to represent
walls or edges of the foundation.
• Laser Levels: These tools help achieve precise
leveling and are especially useful for larger
projects.
• Measuring Tapes and Surveying Equipment:
Used to ensure distances and angles are accurate.
• Chalk powder: The actual marking is typically
done using chalk, or other temporary marking
tools to outline key points on the site.
COLUMN FOOTING LAYOT
EXCAVATION AND FOOTING MARKING
EXCAVATION
It can be done on two ways;
1, Excavator
• Advantage of this process is ,work can be
completed Fastly.
• But disadvantage is, there will be difference
in top and bottom of the trench.
2, Manual
• ADVT: Equal trench level from top to bottom
• DISADVT: Requires more time and labour.
In site both the method is adopted where
initially excavator is used to make the trenches
and to level it labours are used.
FOOTING MARKING
• After excavation ,again strings are tied as per the plan
and the center of column is marked.
• This can be done , by using plum bob, where it is
hanged vertically downwards .
• From the center point the dimension of the column is
marked.
CENTER LINE DETAILS
TYPE OF FOOTINGS
1, Isolated footing
2, Combined footing
3, continuous footing
4, Raft footing
5, Cantilever footing
Footing used in this site are isolated and cantilever
footing.
ISOLATED FOOTING
It is a type of shallow foundation used to support a single column. It is
designed to distribute the load from the column to the underlying soil, ensuring
the stability of the structure. The footing is typically circular, square, or
rectangular in shape and is most commonly used in low- to medium-load
structures.
When Is It Preferred?
• When columns are widely spaced: Isolated footings are ideal when the
distance between columns is sufficient to prevent overlapping footings.
• In areas with good soil bearing capacity: It is preferred when the soil near
the surface has adequate load-bearing capacity to support the column load
without excessive settlement.
• For lighter loads: It is suitable for relatively low to moderate loads, such as
residential buildings or small commercial structures.
COLUMN REINFORCEMENT
TYPES OF COLUMN
1. BASED ON SHAPE
• Circular
• Rectangular
• Square
2. BASED ON SIZE
• Long Column
(effective length / least column dimension >12)
• Short Column
(effective length / least column dimension <12)
3. BASED ON LOAD
• Axially loaded Column
• Uniaxially loaded Column
• Biaxial loaded Column
IN THE SITE
Rectangular and Square column is used.
COLUMN REINFORCEMENT IN SITE
• In this column 4 no of 12mm rods in corners and 2 no of 16mm rods
are used as main reinforcement.
• For stirrups reinforcement, up to the backfilling 8mm rings are placed
at 4inch spacing and after the backfilling 7inch spacing is used.
• Here the C2 column is connected to two adjacent columns C2,C4 with
different beam length that is C2-C2 (11’-10 ½”) and C2-C4 (5’-9”).
• So it is classified as a biaxially loaded column.
• In this column 6 no of 12mm rods are used.
• For stirrups reinforcement, upto the backfilling 8mm rings are placed
at 4inch spacing and after the backfilling 7inch spacing is used.
• Here the C1 column is connected to two columns C2,C with different
beam length that is C1-C (11’-10 ½”) and C1-C2 (6’-9”).
• So it is classified as a biaxially loaded column.
• In this column 4 no of 12mm rods and 4 no
of 16mm rods are used.
• Here the C4 column is connected to two
columns C4,C4 with different beam length
that is C4-C4 (16’-4 ½”) and C4-C4 (16’-
9”).
• So it is classified as a .
• In this column 2 no of 12mm rods and 4 no of 16mm rods are used.
• Here the C3 column is connected to two columns C3,C3 with
different beam length that is C3-C3 (11’-10 ½”) and C3-C3 (11’-9”).
• So it is classified as a .
LINTEL BEAM
• A lintel beam is a horizontal structural element
used in construction to span over openings like
doors, windows, or other gaps in walls. Its primary
function is to bear the load of the wall or structure
above it and transfer that load to the supporting
columns or piers on either side.
• Without lintels, the weight from above would not
be properly supported, potentially causing
structural failure.
TYPES OF LINTEL BEAM CAN BE PROVIDED
1, Cut lintel
2, Through out lintel
REINFORCEMENT DETAILS
• POSITON OF LINTEL : 6 feet from floor
level
• SIZE OF LINTEL BEAM: 9”x 5”
• MAIN BAR DIAMETER : 8mm
• NO OF BARS : 4
• STIRRUPS SPACING : 7”
• STIRRUPS BAR DIAMETER : 8mm
REINFORCEMENT DETAILS IN
DIFFERENT OPENINGS
BRICKWORK
TYPE OF BRICK : RED BRICK
CEMENT MORTAR RATIO : 1 :3
TYPE OF BOND : English bond
Alternative HEADER and STRECHER courses
SITE 3 ( PSG ESTATE COLONY,
PEELAMEDU)
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FLOOR PLAN
TILE INSTALLATION
• Floor tiling is a method for covering and
enhancing floors in residential and commercial
spaces. It involves laying tiles—typically made
of ceramic, porcelain, stone, or other durable
materials—onto a prepared surface.
• Tiling not only provides a visually appealing
finish but also offers practical benefits such as
durability, ease of cleaning, and resistance to
moisture, making it a great option for high-
traffic areas like kitchens, bathrooms, and
entryways.
MATERIALS USED IN SITE
RAMCO TILE FIX PAINT MIXER
MATERIALS USED IN SITE
Fig. MSAND
Fig. FLOOR TILES
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PROCEDURE FOR TILE INSTALLATION
Surface Preparation Mixing Procedure
• Remove all deteriorated • Add Ramco Tile Fix gradually
materials, dirt, oil, grease and to the measured quantity of
other bond-inhibiting material water, about 6-7 litres per 25
from the surface. kg bag.
• Wet the surface with clean water. • Mix until a smooth uniform,
Substrate surface should be dry homogeneous consistency is
and free of water prior to achieved. Always use a notch
application. trowel for the mortar
• Cleaning should be done by sand applications.
blasting, high pressure water • Allow the mixed tile mortar to
blasting or by other appropriate stand for 5 minutes for the
PRODUCT CHART DATA
In the site Ramco Tile Fix –T5 is used .
Thickness of the paste is 8 mm
Thickness of tiles is 8 mm
PRODUCT CHOICE CHART
