FIRE
ALAR
M
SYSTE
M
At the end of the week,
the students will be
able to
Know the functions of OBJECTI
each Part of the Alarm VES
Explain the concept of
Alarm system
Understand the
principle of fire alarm
Fire Alarm System is a system designed to
FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
provide warning to the outbreak of fire so that
appropriate fire fighting action could be taken
before the situation gets out of control.
A fire alarm system is designed to detect the
presence of fire by monitoring environmental
changes associated with combustion.
Primary Functions of Fire Alarm
System
There are two primary functions;
1. Detect fire or any fire condition
2. Give alarm in all parts of the buildng
BASIC PARTS OF ALARM
Sensor or Trigger Device - sensitive part of an alarm
system that detects motion, sound, vibrations, or any
other changes in the condition of the environment.
Transmission line – a circuit which transmit the message
to the signaling apparatus.
Annunciator – activates the alarm; it is visual or audible
signaling device.
PARTS OF FIRE ALARM
SYSTEM
Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP) or Fire
Alarm Control Unit (FACU)
Primary Power Supply
Secondary Power Supply
Initiating Devices
Notification Devices
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE FIRE
DETECTION AND ALARM
SYSTEM
Active – Come into play only when a fire is present
and require activation through the combination of
sensors or mechanical means.
+++
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE FIRE
DETECTION AND ALARM
SYSTEM
ACTIVE AND
PASSIVE FIRE
DETECTION
AND ALARM
SYSTEM
Passive- Is a barrier
or shield, stopping
the spread of fire
from one area to
another. It is an
integral part of the
building layout and
materials of
construction.
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE FIRE
DETECTION AND ALARM
SYSTEM
CLASSIFICAT
ION OF
ALARM
[Link]
Alarm System
Is a fire alarm
system wired using
a radial method
(single legs of
cable). These
radials are wired
from the main fire
alarm panel and
are either fire
alarm zones or
sounder circuits.
CLASSIFICA
TION OF
ALARM
2. Addressable
Alarm System
A commercial
fire alarm system
that uses
sophisticated
technology to
detect and
pinpoint a fire's
exact location.
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF
FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
Input or Fire detection devices
This component acts as an input to the
fire alarm control unit and is either
manually or automatically actuated.
Two type of fire detection or Initiating
devices
1. Manual Alarm-Initiating Devices
2. Automatic Alarm-Initiating Devices
Manual Alarm-Initiating
Devices
Manual fire detection is the oldest method
and the most basic type of detection.
They rely on human activation to alert
occupants of a fire.
The advantage of manual alarm stations is
that, upon discovering the fire, they
provide occupants with a readily
identifiable means to activate the building
fire alarm system.
MANUAL CALL
POINTS
It is essentially a
small box
containing a button
that someone can
press in case of an
emergency, and it
will manually
trigger the fire
alarm in the
building.
TWO TYPES OF MANUAL ALARM
INITIATINIG DEVICE
1. Single Action (Requires only
One Action- Pressing/Pulling)
TWO TYPES OF MANUAL ALARM
INITIATINIG DEVICE
• Double Action (Requires Two
Actions- Open the glass and
press button.
Automatic Alarm-Initiating
Is a system thatDevices
can detect the earliest
signs of a fire and alert building
occupants without human intervention.
Examples:
Four basic types of Automatic Alarm
Heat detectors
Smoke detectors
Fire-gas detectors
Flame/Fire detectors
AUTOMATIC ALARM-
INITIATING DEVICES
A fire alarm device designed to
respond when the convected
HEAT DETECTORS
thermal energy of a fire increases
the temperature of a heat
sensitive element.
HEAT DETECTORS
SMOKE
An electronic fire-protection device that
automatically senses the presence of
DETECTORS
smoke, as a key indication of fire, and
sounds a warning to building occupants
SMOKE
DETECTORS
FLAME
Is a sensor designed to detect and
DETECTORS
respond to the presence of a flame or
fire, allowing flame detection
Flame detectors look for the specific
frequencies of UV and/or IR radiation to
detect a flaming fire. The radiation
produced by flames fall within a unique
range of frequencies/wavelengths – the
detectors only operate within these
ranges to help eliminate the risk of false
alarms.
FLAME
DETECTORS
FIRE GAS
DETECTORS
Detect the presence of
open fire or flames
caused by hydrocarbon
and other
combustible gases.
Monitors levels of gases
released by combustion
FIRE ALARM
CONTROL PANEL
The brains of the
Alarm System
Provides power to
the system, monitors
inputs and controls
outputs through
various circuits
Performs other
functions as required
by the appropriate
code
It receives input
Activate Supply power to
SYSTEM CONTROL UNIT /
from auto /
manual fire
Notification
devices
detection
devices
ALARM PANEL FUNCTIONS
alarm devices
Display
Controls relays /
Supply power to messages /
devices
notification fault / fault loc
connected to
appliances. on it display
panel
screen
Power Sources of the
Control
It requires two Panel
power sources
Primary power supply
Secondary power supply
PRIMARY POWER
SUPPLY
It is the Main Power Supply.
SECONDARY POWER
SUPPLY
It is a standby power supply that is required to
supply energy to the security system in the event
of total failure of the primary (main) power.
FIRE ALARM
DEVICES
Is a unit made of
several devices,
which uses visual
and audio
signaling to warn
people about a
possible fire,
smoke, or carbon
monoxide
occurrence around
coverage.
Input of Fire Alarm Devices
Output Or Fire Alarm
Devices
Audible Notification
TYPES OF NOTIFICATIONS
Audible notification has historically been used as a
notification of fire. The early notification consisted primarily
of bells or sirens.
For audible devices to alert the building occupants, the
device must be loud enough to be heard.
The sound level is required to be at least 15 dBA above the
average or normal sound level
SOUND LEVEL AT
DIFFERENT LOCATIONS
VISUAL NOTIFICATION
Strobes are required by the ADA in portions of any
building accessible to a hearing-impaired person.
AUDIBLE NOTIFICATION
An audible alert is a sound that resounds when
a notification is activated.
MAINTENANCE
A well-maintained system is
more reliable and efficient.
Prolong the life span of your
fire alarm system
It ensures the safety of your
life, your property and your
business
Keep the record
Log all new activities / events
shown on FACP
Keep all records in secured
cabinet for future reference on
maintenance/ trouble shooting
Weekly test of FACP
Routine maintenance
Assign / nominate a person for
FACP
TOPICS
Classification of Gases - Based on
1 Source
Classification of Gases - According
2 to Physical Properties
Classification of Gases - Based on
3 Usage
4 Fire Extinguishing Agent
Strategies used in fire fighting
5
Factors to consider in
6 Extinguishment
FIRE GAS
A mixture of hot air,
particles, combustible
and incombustible
gases that are formed
during and after
combustion.
oA mixture of hot
gases.
Presentation title 20XX
Classification of Gases
BASED ON ACCORDING TO
BASED ON USAGE
SOURCE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
FUEL GAS
COMPRESSED GAS
NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIAL GAS
LIQUEFIED GAS
MANUFACTURED GAS MEDICAL GAS
CRYOGENIC GAS
CLASSIFICATION OF GASES
BASED ON SOURCE
BASED ON SOURCE
Natural gas is a fossil fuel that
is found underground. It is
primarily composed of
methane and is used as a
source of energy for heating,
cooking, and generating
electricity.
1. NATURAL GAS
CLASSIFICATION OF GASES BASED ON
SOURCE
1. NATURAL GAS
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President Chief Executive Chief Operations VP Marketing
Officer Officer
Presentation title 20XX
CLASSIFICATION OF GASES
BASED ON SOURCE
Refers to gas produced
artificially from coal or oil,
typically used for lighting and
heating before the widespread
use of natural gas.
1. Manufactured
Gas
ACCORDING TO PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
1. COMPRESSED
GAS
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SCENARIOS OPPORTUNITIES
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Capitalize on low-hanging framework from the
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Visualize customer
directed convergence
Presentation title 20XX
EXAMPLES OF COMPRESSED GAS IN A TANK
o Compressed gases
ROI NICHE MARKETS are any materials or
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media growth strategies containers
through sustainable strategies having
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capital
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an
with cutting-edge deliverables
absolute
o Engage pressure exceeding
worldwide methodologies with
web-enabled technologies 40 psi at 70°F
(20°C) or exceeding
104 psi at 130°F
(54.5°C).
Presentation title 20XX
ACCORDING TO PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
Is a gas that has been turned into a
liquid by cooling or compressing it.
Examples of liquefied gases include
liquid air, liquefied natural gas, and
liquefied petroleum gas
2. LIQUEFIED GAS
ACCORDING TO PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
3. Cryogenic Gas
COMPRESSED GAS – In
gaseous state
LIQUEFIED GAS- Partly
liquid and gaseous
CRYOGENIC GAS- Far
below the normal
temperature / cold
temperature
Presentation title 20XX
BASED ON USAGE
•Fuel gas is used primarily as a source of
energy for heating, cooking, and powering
engines or turbines.
•Examples: Natural gas, propane, butane,
hydrogen that can be readily transmitted
and distributed through pipes.
1. FUEL GAS
BASED ON USAGE
2. MEDICAL GAS
BASED ON USAGE
2. MEDICAL GAS
BASED ON USAGE
2. MEDICAL GAS
BASED ON USAGE
Used in various industrial processes, often for
manufacturing, fabrication, or processing purposes.
•Examples: Nitrogen, hydrogen, helium, carbon
dioxide (for industrial purposes like welding, cutting,
food processing, and semi conductor
manufacturing).
3. INDUSTRIAL GAS
Strategies used in Fire fighting
1. Locate the fire
The Early Signs of a Fire
[Link] and detectors. The first sign you might
have if there is a fire elsewhere in the building is a
fire alarm or detector going off.
[Link]. An obvious sign of fire is smoke – as the
old age goes: “there's no smoke without fire”. ...
[Link]. ...
[Link] noises. ...
[Link] door and door handle.
How to locate
?
Strategies used in Fire fighting
Target the base or
the main body
with an
extinguishing
agent to put out
the fire
2. Extinguishment
Strategies used in Fire fighting
3. Exposures
3. Exposures
ANY
QUESTIO
NS?
