MODULE 2

PRACTICAL
RESEARCH 2
Week 4
 MODULE 2

IDENTIFYING AND
STATING THE PROBLEM
Week 4
1. How do you identify a
problem?

2. When do you know that a

certain issue needs an
immediate solution?
Interest in the Subject Matter

Search for a problem in your everyday life. You

might see them in your personal life. Problems
suitable for research exist everywhere (in your
community, farm, school, city, body of water,
environment, at home, etc.). Make a habit of
asking yourself questions about what you see and
hear. Why does such and such happen? Think
about what interests you.
Availability of information

Read or search more about your field of interest

because reading also gives you a theoretical base
for your study. So, look through professional
journals and magazines, textbooks, and
thesis/dissertations to find out more about these
topics. This will give you a clear idea about what is
already known in your area of interest -- and what
is still unknown.
Timeliness and Relevance of the Topic

The topic of your choice should be significant,

important, and relevant to the present time and
situation and or current interest. It is original, vital,
and practical for use by the public.
It must contribute to the national goals and
development for the improvement of the quality of
human life and it must contribute to the fund of
human knowledge.
Limitation on the Subject

It can be completed within a reasonable

time. The equipment and instruments
for the research are available and can
give reliable results. The results are
implementable/doable or repeatable.
Personal Resources

It must be within the competence of the

researcher to tackle.

It must be within the capability of the

researcher to finance.
 TOPIC RESEARCH PURPOSE RESEARCH
PROBLEM STATEMENT QUESTION
Broad subject matter A general The major intent or Narrows the purpose
addressed by the educational issue, objective of the study into specific
study. concern, or used to address the questions that the
controversy problem researcher would like
addressed in answered or
research that addressed in the
narrows the topic. study.

SHS Mathematics Low grades of SHS To improve the Can peer tutoring
students in General grades of SHS improve the grades
Mathematics students in General of SHS students in
Mathematics General
Mathematics?
 TOPIC RESEARCH PURPOSE RESEARCH
PROBLEM STATEMENT QUESTION
Broad subject matter A general The major intent or Narrows the purpose
addressed by the educational issue, objective of the into specific
study. concern, or study used to questions that the
controversy address the problem researcher would like
addressed in answered or
research that addressed in the
narrows the topic. study.

Computer Skills Low competence of To improve the Can peer tutoring

ICT students in competence of ICT improve the
Computer System students in Computer competence of ICT
Services System Services students in
Computer System
Services
 Think of a strand-based research topic, then identify the
research problem and statement of purpose. After which,
craft an appropriate research title. Follow the format below.
TOPIC RESEARCH PROBLEM PURPOSE STATEMENT RESEARCH
QUESTION
Broad subject matter A general educational The major intent or Narrows the purpose
addressed by the study. issue, concern, or objective of the study into specific questions
controversy addressed used to address the that the researcher
in research that problem would like answered or
narrows the topic. addressed in the study.
 MODULE 2

WRITING A
RESEARCH TITLE
Week 4
 Objectives:
1. Define research title
2. Exhibit appreciation for the
importance of the research title in
a research paper
3. Write a strand-based research
title
Individual
activity
 ARRANGE ME

Tiktok
Content Creators
Exploring
Effects
The
On
Filipino
Cancel
Culture
Of
Mental Health
Of
The
 ARRANGE ME

Exploring the Effects of Cancel Culture

on the Mental Health of Filipino TikTok
Content Creators

Exploring the Effects of Cancel Culture

on TikTok on Filipino Content Creators’
Mental Health
 Research Title
The most important
determinant of how
many people will read
the paper.
 CHARACTERISTICS
 Condenses the paper’s content in a few words

 Captures the readers’ attention

 Differentiates the paper from other papers in the same

subject area

 Must contain 10 to 12 words

 Written in a scientific or technical style

 Written in inverted pyramid

Three basic tips to keep
in mind while writing a
research title
1. USE APPROPRIATE DESCRIPTIVE WORDS
A good research paper title should
contain keywords/variables used in
the manuscript and should define the
nature of the study. Think about terms
people would use to search for your
study and include them in your title.
2. KEEP IT SIMPLE, BRIEF AND
ATTRACTIVE
The primary function of a title is to
provide a precise summary of the
paper’s content. Thus, keep the title brief
and clear.
Moreover, a good title for a research
paper is typically around 10 to 12 words
long. A lengthy title may seem unfocused
and take the readers’ attention away from
an important point.
3. AVOID ABBREVIATIONS AND
JARGONS
Specific abbreviations and jargons
that may not be immediately familiar
to the readers should be spelled out.
Tips on Drafting a
Research Title
1. Consider the ideas behind your research
topic. Identify these main ideas and how they
are related to one another. Try to inform a
possible title using these main ideas.

(Example: If your topic is about the STEM

students
and their motivation in choosing such strand in
Senior High School, then the main ideas would
be the STEM students and their
2. Completing the following sentence: “My study
is about…” can also aid you in drafting a
research title as it captures the essence of your
research topic in one sentence.

(Example: My study is about how the STEM

students choose their strand in Senior High
School.)
3. You may also consider citing
several attributes of your research
such as its purpose,
conceptualization, approach, design
and methods used (Abueg, 2020).
4. Trinidad (2018) considered to
make the research title as concise as
possible and to deflect “unnecessary
words.”
Note: Avoid using these phrases: “An
Approach to…” or “A Study of…”
5. You may consider also developing
a single title or a two-part title.

(Example:
Science ATM Card: A Motivational
Tool in Teaching and Learning
Science 12)
Parts of Research
Title
 Catchy Hook
This is the least
important part of an
academic title,
introduces the paper in a
NURSES ON THE MOVE: HOW
MEDITATION CAN IMPROVE
NURSE PERFORMANCE
 Topic Keyword
the "what" of the paper. This
identifies concepts to be
explored. They are present in the
title both for humans’ scanning
lots of articles and for search
engine indexing.
 Focus Keyword
the “ when/ where of the paper”.
Along with “topic keyword", these
more specific keywords are vital
so that researchers can drill down
to specific articles that pertain to
their research.
Effects of K-Pop Culture in the
Social Life of Youth at Rosario,
Batangas
Learning Task 5. Give Me Your Whys…
Directions: On the first table, provided the reasons
in conducting each topic/ study. On the second
one, list down 5 problems in your field of interest
and expertise. Explain your reason for choosing
that topic. You must consider the following
questions.
• What problem I want to solve?
• Who will benefit from the study?
• Why do I need to conduct this study?
 Learning Task 5. Give Me Your Whys…
Reason(s) in
Topics/Problem Research Title Conducting the
Research
1. Reading Comprehension of Grade 12
Students
2. The Case of Senior High Working Students
3. The Lived Experiences of Senior High
School Students in Work Immersion
4. Impact of Peer-Teaching in the
Performance of Students in Science
5. Number of Students per Senior High
School Track
 Learning Task 5. Give Me Your Whys…
Problem/ Issue Reason(s) for Choosing the Topic

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
 MODULE 2

BACKGROUND OF
THE STUDY (BoS)
Week 4
Background of the Study

• It is the first section of a research paper and

gives context surrounding the research topic.

• It provides a brief overview of the research

topic, including its significance in the field, the
problem or issue being investigated, and
reviews existing knowledge on the topic.
Background of the Study

• The BoS contains the information about the

significance and validity of the study. It generally
aims to orient the readers to the problem area.

• It serves to tackle the present state of

knowledge concerning the problem.
How to Write the
BoS?
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY (BoS)

1. Discuss the general issues about the

research problem on a global or
international scale.

2. Tackle the national issues or trends

relevant to the main topic.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY (BoS)
3. Discuss the local scenario about the main
issue.
4. Cite the legal bases of the study, related
studies, followed by the researcher’s
motivation and objective in conducting the
study.
5. Discuss the GAP of the study
 MODULE 2

STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM
(SoP)
Week 4
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM (SoP)
1. This section contains the purpose
statement (general statement) and the
research questions (specific questions).

2. Phrase questions with the data to be

collected in mind. Answer the questions and
rephrase the question if your intended
answer does not match the query.
 MODULE 2

SIGNIFICANCE OF
THE STUDY (SoS)
Week 4
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY (SoS)
1. States the audience who will benefit from
the study and explains how the results will
be significant to them.
2. It should be written in paragraph form, cite
beneficiaries (e.g., students, professors,
teachers, school, parents).
3. For each beneficiary group, specifically
describe how they will benefit from the
findings.
 MODULE 2

SCOPE AND
DELIMITATION
Week 4
SCOPE
The scope of the study refers to the
parameters under which the study will be
operating. The problem you seek to resolve will
fit within certain parameters.
Identify the boundaries of the study in terms
of respondents, objectives, facilities,
area/location, time frame, and the issues on
which the research is focused.
LIMITATIONS
These are aspects of your research study over
which, as a researcher, you have no control.

They limit the extent to which your study can

proceed and may impact the results and
conclusions. Future research may cast doubt on
the validity of your conclusion.
In writing this section,
• cite data collection
• identify the school involved, the number of classes,
their grade/year level, the number of participants or
respondents, and topics of lessons covered (if
applicable).
• state inadequate measures of variables, loss or lack
of participants, small sample sizes, measurement
errors, and other factors typically related to data
collection and analysis.