SUBJECT
PHYSICS
CHAPTER
Gravitation
LECTURE
Gravitation
TOPICS FOR TODAY
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Variation in g due to Non Sphericity
Gravitational field at poles
Gravitational field at the equator
Gravitation
Gravitational Potential Energy
● The energy possessed or acquired by an object by virtue of
its position in the presence of a gravitational field.
Gravitation
Gravitational Potential Energy
● Negative of the work done by the conservative force as the
system changes from initial to final configuration is change
in Potential Energy.
Change in potential energy,
Gravitation
Gravitational Potential Energy
Gravitation
Gravitational Potential Energy
Gravitation
QUESTION
At the pole of the Earth, a body is
imparted an initial velocity 𝑣0 directed
vertically upwards. Find the height to
which the body will ascend. (Neglect air
drag)
Gravitation
Gravitational Potential Difference
● Gravitational potential difference between two points in a
gravitational field is defined as the work done by an external
agent in moving a unit mass from the initial point to final
point.
Gravitation
Gravitational Potential Difference
Gravitation
Gravitational Potential
● Change in gravitational potential between points 𝐴 and 𝐵,
Gravitation
Potential due to a Point Mass
● Gravitational potential due to a mass 𝑀 at distance 𝑟 is
Gravitation
Potential due to a Point Mass
Gravitation
QUESTION
Two bodies of masses 𝑚 and 4𝑚 are placed at a
distance 𝑟 from each other. Find the gravitational
potential at a point on the line joining them where
the gravitational field is zero.
Gravitation
Relation b/w Gravitational Field &
Potential
If
&
Gravitation
Relation b/w Gravitational Field &
Potential
● If potential function in a 3𝐷 space is given as : Then, the
gravitational field component
along -direction:
along -direction:
along -direction:
Gravitation
Potential due to a Uniform Ring at an Axial
Point
Gravitation
QUESTION
A uniform circular ring of mass 𝑀 and radius 𝑅 is
placed in 𝑦𝑧 plane with centre at origin. A particle of
mass 𝑚 is released from rest at a point 𝑥 = 2𝑅. Find
the speed with which it will pass through the centre
of ring.
Gravitation
Potential due to a Uniform Thin Spherical
Shell
To find potential due to the shell, we can divide the shell into
multiple small ring elements.
Gravitation
Potential due to a Uniform Thin Spherical
Shell
In
Differentiating and solving,
Gravitation
Potential due to a Uniform Thin Spherical
Shell
Gravitation
Potential due to a Uniform Thin Spherical
Shell
Case 1:
is outside the shell
Gravitation
Potential due to a Uniform Thin Spherical
Shell
Case 2:
is at the surface of shell
Gravitation
Potential due to a Uniform Thin Spherical
Shell
Case 3:
is inside the shell
Gravitation
Potential due to a Uniform Solid Sphere
Gravitation
Potential due to a Uniform Solid Sphere
Case 1:
Potential at an External Point
Gravitation
Potential due to a Uniform Solid Sphere
Case 2:
Potential at the surface
Gravitation
Potential due to a Uniform Solid Sphere
Case 3:
Potential at an internal Point
Gravitation
QUESTION
A uniform ring of mass 𝑀1 and a uniform solid sphere
of mass 𝑀2 are separated by a distance 𝑅. Imagine
that a small object of mass 𝑚 is displaced from 𝐴
to 𝐵. Find the work done by the gravitational force.
Gravitation
“Education is the not the
learning of facts but the
training of mind to think."
- Albert Einstein
