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Microcontroller Interface Hardware and Software

This presentation covers the interfacing of microcontrollers, focusing on both hardware and software aspects for embedded systems. It discusses digital and analog I/O, communication protocols (both wired and wireless), and software components like drivers, libraries, and interrupts. Real-world applications include smart home technologies and robotics, emphasizing sensor integration and control mechanisms.

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r.gnanasekar91
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27 views9 pages

Microcontroller Interface Hardware and Software

This presentation covers the interfacing of microcontrollers, focusing on both hardware and software aspects for embedded systems. It discusses digital and analog I/O, communication protocols (both wired and wireless), and software components like drivers, libraries, and interrupts. Real-world applications include smart home technologies and robotics, emphasizing sensor integration and control mechanisms.

Uploaded by

r.gnanasekar91
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Microcontroller

Interface: Hardware &


Software
This presentation explores microcontroller interfacing. It covers both
hardware and software aspects. It is designed for embedded systems
enthusiasts, students, and engineers. Learn the core concepts for
effective design.

by SALAI SUDHAKAR
Hardware Interfaces: Digital I/O
GPIO Pins Pull-up/Pull-down Resistors
Basic digital input/output. Control an LED with on/off Define default pin state. Typical values: 10kΩ - 47kΩ. Use
states. Common voltage levels are 3.3V, 5V. Current for reading a digital sensor like a switch. Implement
limitations around 20mA per pin. debouncing techniques.

Voltage levels: 3.3V, 5V Typical values: 10kΩ - 47kΩ


Hardware Interfaces: Analog I/O
ADCs
Resolution examples: 10-bit, 12-bit. Voltage reference: internal vs.
external. Sampling rate impacts accuracy (Nyquist theorem).

Quantization levels = 2^resolution

DACs
Resolution examples: 8-bit, 10-bit. Output voltage range examples: 0-
3.3V, 0-5V.

Output voltage range: e.g., 0-3.3V, 0-5V

Reading Sensors
Read an analog sensor, like a temperature sensor. Common sensor
types: thermistors, RTDs, IC-based sensors (e.g., LM35).

Sensor types: Thermistors, RTDs


Communication
Protocols: Serial

UART SPI I2C


Tx/Rx lines. Baud MOSI, MISO, SCK, CS SDA, SCL lines.
rate examples: 9600, lines. Data transfer Addressing: 7-bit or
115200 bps. Connect rates up to several 10-bit addresses.
to a PC via USB-to- Mbps. Interfacing Connect to an RTC
Serial converter. with an SD card. (Real-Time Clock)
module.
Baud rate: e.g., Data transfer rates:
9600, 115200 bps up to several Mbps Addressing: 7-bit or
10-bit
Communication Protocols: Wireless
Bluetooth Wi-Fi
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) for low-power. Range up to IEEE 802.11 standards (b/g/n/ac). Data rates up to
100 meters. Wireless sensor data transmission. several hundred Mbps. Connect to local network, IoT.

Range: up to 100 meters Data rates: up to several hundred Mbps


Welcome!
Ignite Innovation
Techno Solutions

IITS
Software: Drivers & Libraries
HAL
Abstraction layer for portability. Use HAL
Device Drivers libraries for STM32 microcontrollers. Libraries
Low-level code for direct hardware. Portability Use libraries for sensor interfacing.
Register-level programming: setting Examples: Arduino libraries and custom
control bits and reading flags. libraries.

Setting control bits Sensor interfacing


Software: Interrupts
External Interrupts
1 Triggered by external events like a button press.

Timer Interrupts
2 Periodic tasks like sampling sensors.

ISRs
3 Interrupt Service Routines: short, efficient.
Real-World Examples & Conclusion
Smart Home Robotics
Sensors for temperature, humidity, light. Actuators: Motor control using PWM signals. Sensor integration:
relays, motor control. Communication via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth. accelerometers and gyroscopes.

• Temperature sensors • PWM Signals


• Motor control • Gyroscopes
• Wi-Fi

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