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Java Class Members and Methods

The document provides an overview of Java classes, including class instantiation, access modifiers, method overloading, and static members. It explains how to define and instantiate classes, the purpose of access modifiers for encapsulation, and the concept of method and constructor overloading. Additionally, it covers static members and initialization blocks, highlighting their role in sharing data and utilities across class instances.

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7 views9 pages

Java Class Members and Methods

The document provides an overview of Java classes, including class instantiation, access modifiers, method overloading, and static members. It explains how to define and instantiate classes, the purpose of access modifiers for encapsulation, and the concept of method and constructor overloading. Additionally, it covers static members and initialization blocks, highlighting their role in sharing data and utilities across class instances.

Uploaded by

mohanapriya.c
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Java Classes, Members &

Methods
Class Instantiation

• A class is a blueprint; objects are concrete instances.


• Define:
```java
class MyClass { int x = 42; }
```
• Instantiate:
```java
MyClass obj = new MyClass();
System.out.println(obj.x); // 42
```
Access Modifiers

• public – visible everywhere


• private – visible only within its own class
• (default) – package‑private, accessible inside
same package
• Encapsulation prevents misuse & protects
state.
Access Example

• ```java
class Sample {
private int alpha;
public int beta;
int gamma; // default

void setAlpha(int v){ alpha = v; }


int getAlpha(){ return alpha; }
}

Sample s = new Sample();


s.setAlpha(99);
// s.alpha = 10; // compile error
```
Method Overloading

• Same method name, different parameter list.


• Chosen at compile time based on signature.
• ```java
void demo(){}
void demo(int a){}
int demo(int a,int b){return a+b;}
```
Overloaded Constructors

• Multiple ways to create an object.


• ```java
class Box {
int w,h,d;
Box(){ w=h=d=0; }
Box(int size){ w=h=d=size; }
Box(Box b){ w=b.w; h=b.h; d=b.d; }
}
```
• Copy constructor initializes from another object.
Static Members & Methods

• Belong to the class not individual objects.


• Single shared copy.
```java
class Counter{
static int count;
Counter(){ count++; }
static int howMany(){ return count; }
}
```
• Access with `ClassName.member`.
Static Initialization Block

• Executed once when class is loaded.


• ```java
class Roots{
static double SQRT2;
static {
SQRT2 = Math.sqrt(2);
}
}
```
• Instantiate objects with constructors.
• Control visibility using access modifiers.
• Reuse names by method/constructor
overloading .
• Share utilities through static members &
methods.
• Prepare class‑wide data inside static blocks .

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