NATIONAL VECTOR

BORNE DISEASE
CONTROL PROGRAMME

PG STUDENT:DR.ANJALI .V
PG GUIDE: DR.SUSHAMA THAKRE
03/08/2025 2
CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 MILESTONES OF NVBDCP
 STRATEGIES FOR PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF VBD
 MALARIA
 NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN FOR MALARIA ELIMINATION
 NATIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR MALARIA ELIMINATION
 URBAN MALARIA SCHEME
 DENGUE
 CHIKUNGUNYA
 FILARIASIS
 NATIONAL FILARIA CONTROL PROGRAMME
 JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS
 NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF JE/AES
 KALA AZAR
 NATIONAL KALA AZAR ELIMINATION PROGRAMME
 INTEGRATED VECTOR MANAGEMENT
 REFERENCES
03/08/2025 3
 INTRODUCTION
● The NVBDCP is comprehensive umbrella programme for
prevention and control of vector-borne diseases , which are now
covered under the overall umbrella of NHM.
● The NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004
● Directorate of NVBDCP, is the nodal agency for planning
implementation and monitoring of the program, is under
DGHS,MOHFW,GOI.
ORGANOGRAM OF NATIONAL VECTOR BORNE
DISEASE CONTROL(NCVBDC)
DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF NATIONAL CENTER FOR
HEALTH VECTOR BORNE DISEASE
SERVICES,Mohfw,GOI CONTROL(NCVBDC)

NATIONAL VECTOR BORNE

DISEASE CONTROL
PROGRAMME(NVBDCP)

ROHFW
Ahmedabad
Bhubaneshwar
Jaipur
MALARIA DENGUE CHIKUNGUNYA FILARIASIS JE KALA AZAR Shillong
Telangana
Lucknow
 CHIKUNGU JAPANESE KALA-
MALARIA DENGUE FILARIASIS
NYA ENCEPHAL AZAR
ITIS
MILESTONES OF NVBDCP
1953 Launching of National Malaria Control Programme
(NMCP)

1958 NMCP was changed to National Malaria

Eradication Programme

1999 Renaming to National Anti Malaria Programme

(NAMP)

2002 Renaming of NAMP to NVBDCP

2005- Became integral part of NRHM

MALARIA DENGUE/ JAPENESE FILARIASIS KALA AZAR
CHIKUNGUNYA ENCEPHALITIS

An.cuicifacies,
An.fluviatilis, Ae.Aegypti, Cx.vishnui, Cx.quinquefasciatus P.Argentipes
An.minimus, Ae.Albopictus Cx.tritaeniorhyncus Ma.annulifera and (Sand fly)
An.sundaicus, uniformis
An.stephensi,
An.dirus
 Epidemic
Disease Target Vector
Prone
Elimination by 2030 (zero
Malaria Yes Mosquito
indigenous case)

Elimination achieved in
Kala-azar (KA) 2023 (<1 case/10,000 Sand Fly
popn at block level)

Elimination as a public
health problem by 2027
Lymphatic
(<1% Mf rate and Mosquito
Filariasis
children born after free
from antigenemia
Dengue Control Yes Mosquito
Chikungunya Control Yes Mosquito
Japanese
Control Yes Mosquito
Encephalitis
STRATEGIES FOR PREVENTION AND CONTROL
OF VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES
Annual mass
Disease drug
management administration

Integrated Vaccination
NVBDCP
vector only against
management JE

Supportive
interventions
GLOBAL VECTOR CONTROL RESPONSE (2017-
2030)
● VISION:A world free of human suffering from vector borne diseases
● AIM:Reduce the burden and threat of vector borne diseases through
effective locally adapted sustainable vector control
● GOALS MILESTONES TARGETS
2020 2025 2030
30% 50% 75%
Mortality globally relative to 2016
25% 40% 60%
Incidence globally relative to 2016 In all
countries
Prevent epidemics in vector borne diseases
03/08/2025
MALARIA
THEME
Malaria Ends with Us:
Reinvest, Reimagine, Reignite
• Malaria is a potentially life threatening parasitic disease caused by
parasites known as P.vivax,falciparum,malariae and ovale.
• It is transmitted by the infective bite of Anopheles mosquito
MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM
● Malaria remains a public health issue in India.
95% of the population lives in endemic areas, but 80% of cases occur
in 20% of the population in tribal, hilly, and hard-to-reach regions.
SIGNS OF SEVERE AND COMPLICATED MALARIA

GENERALISED NORMOCYTIC
CEREBRAL MALARIA RENAL FAILURE
CONVULSIONS ANAEMIA

HYPOGLYCAEMIA FLUID, ELECTROLYTE AND ACID-BASE PULMONARY OEDEMA CIRCULATORY COLLAPSE AND SHOCK
DISTURBANCES ("ALGID MALARIA").

SPONTANEOUS BLEEDING HYPERPYREXIA. HYPER PARASITAEMIA MALARIAL HAEMOGLOBINURIA

GLOBAL SCENARIO
● 263 million cases in 83 endemic countries (Incidence: 60.4/1000) in
2023
● 597,000 deaths were reported in 2023 compared to 6 L in 2022
● In 2023 ,11 HBHI countries responsible for 66% cases and 68%
deaths globally(95% of cases in WHO African Region)
South-East Asia Region:
● Accounts for 1.5% of global malaria cases.
● From 2000–2023, cases reduced by 82.4% (22.8M to 4M),
 INDIAN SCENARIO
MAHARASHTRA
● Contributed to 50% of South-East Asia's malaria cases.
● Malaria deaths declined by 78.38% between 2015 and 2023.
● 122 districts reported zero malaria cases in 2023, showing strong
localized impact.
• In 2024, India exited the HBHI group due to major progress in high-
endemic states.
ORGANISTAION
Nat
ion • Directorate of NVBDCP headed by Malaria program officer(MPO)
al
leve
l
Stat
e
• Joint director/deputy director
leve
l
Dist • District health officer (DHO) assisted by District Malaria Officer
rict • DMO assisted by Assistant malaria officer for spray
leve
l
• Under MO(PHC),multipurpose worker (male) carries out active
PHC
leve
surveillance and lab technician examines blood smears
l

Vill • Provide RDT Kits and antimalaria drugs

age
leve
l
 GLOBAL TECHNICAL STRATEGY OF MALARIA
(2016-2030)
● VISION – A WORLD FREE OF MALARIA
● GOALS MILESTONES TARGETS
2020 2025 2030

At least At least 75% At least 90%

1.Reduce malaria mortality rates globally 40%
compared with 2015 At least 40% At least 75% At least 90%
2. Reduce malaria case incidence globally At least 10 At least 20 At least 35
compared with 2015 countries countries countries
3. Eliminate malaria from countries in which Re- Re- Re-
establishm establishm establishm
malaria was transmitted in 2015 ent ent ent
4. Prevent re-establishment of malaria in prevented prevented prevented
all countries that are malaria-free
National Strategic Plan for Malaria
Elimination (2023-2027)
VISION “MALARIA FREE INDIA”.
MISSION Malaria elimination in India by 2030
aligned with the Global Technical Strategy 2016-
30 and National Framework for Malaria
Elimination 2016- 30.
GOALS
Interrupt local transmission, achieve zero
indigenous cases by 2027, and prevent re-
03/08/2025 establishment.
NSP 2023-27 defines five strategic approaches:
● Make surveillance a core malaria intervention
● Ensure universal access to diagnosis & treatment ("Test,
Treat, Track")
● Strengthen vector control for prevention
● Accelerate elimination efforts
● Promote research & innovation
Let’s create a “MALARIA FREE FUTURE”
National Framework For Malaria Elimination
In India (2016–2030)
● Launched in 2016
● Vision: Eliminate malaria and improve health, quality of
life, and reduce poverty
● Goals:
Achieve zero indigenous cases by 2030
Maintain malaria-free areas and prevent reintroduction
OBJECTIVES
1.By 2022, Zero indigenous cases in all Category 1 & 2
States/UTs
2. By 2024, Malaria incidence <1/1000 in all States/UTs
3. By 2027, Interrupt indigenous transmission nationwide
4. By 2030, Eliminate malaria and prevent re-establishment
 CLASSIFICATION OF STATES/UTS BASED ON API
Categories of states /UTs Definition (base year 2014)

Category 0:Prevention of re States/UTs with zero indigenous cases of

establishment phase malaria(0)

Category 1:Elimination phase States/UTs including their districts

reporting an API of <1(15)

Category 2:Pre-elimination phase States/UTs with an API of <1 but some

of their districts are reporting an API of
>=1(11)

Category 3:Intensified control phase States/UTs with an API of >=1(10)

 Targets
Year Targets

By the end of 2016 All states and Uts included malaria elimination in their
health policies and planning networks

By 2020 Transmission of malaria interrupted and zero indigenous

cases and deaths due to malaria in category 1 (elimination
phase)-15
Category 2 (11) in 2014 enter into category 1
Category 3(5/10) in 2014 enter into category 2
Reduction in malaria burden by 15-20%
 DIAGNOSIS OF MALARIA
● Microscopy:
● Thick film: Detects parasite
● Thin film: Identifies species
● Serology:
● Fluorescent antibody test (positive ≥2 weeks)
● Indicates current or past infection
● RDT:
● Detects parasite antigens
TREATMENT
CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS
1. Doxycycline (100mg)- Start 1 day before arrival in the risk
area (100 mg daily)

2. Chloroquine (100/150mg)- Start 1 week before (300 mg

weekly or 100 mg OD for 6 days/week)

3. Mefloquine (250mg)- start 2-3 weeks before (250 mg once

weekly)

4. Proguanil (100mg)- 200 mg OD

- continued for 4 weeks after the last possible exposure
(parasites may emerge from the liver during this period)
MALARIA CONTROL STRATEGIES
1. Early case Detection and Prompt Treatment (EDPT)
• EDPT is the main strategy of malaria control - radical treatment
is necessary for all the cases of malaria to prevent transmission
of malaria.
• Chloroquine is the main anti-malaria drug for uncomplicated
malaria.
● DDCs & FTDs ensure drug access in rural areas.
●03/08/2025
Alternative drugs are used for chloroquine-resistant malaria.
 2.Vector control measures
3. Community Participation
•Engage communities in identifying and
eliminating Anopheles breeding sites
•Involve NGOs and collaborate with CII/ASSOCHAM/FICCI
4. Environmental Management & Source Reduction
Methods
● Fill breeding sites, cover stored water, and channelize
water sources.
5. Monitoring and Evaluation of the programme
• Monthly Computerized Management
Information System(CMIS)
• Field visits by state by State National
Programme Officers
• Field visits by Malaria Research Centres and
other ICMR Institutes
• Feedback to states on field observations for
correction actions.
URBAN MALARIA SCHEME
Urban malaria is rising due to migration, unplanned city
growth, poor water storage, unrestricted land use,
development projects, and lack of trained vector control
staff.
NORMS
AIMS a)Towns must have ≥50,000
a)To prevent deaths due to population
malaria. b)API ≥2
b) Reduction in c)Enforce civic by-laws to
transmission and morbidity stop mosquito breeding
ORGANISATIONAL SET UP OF UMS

CENTRAL DIRECTOR
LEVEL NVBDCP
ADDITIONAL DIRECTOR
STATE LEVEL (MALARIA AND FILARIA)
OR JOINT DIRECTOR
(MALARIA AND FILARIA)
TOWN LEVEL BIOLOGIST
DENGUE
• Dengue is a fast emerging, outbreak-
prone, and mosquito-borne viral fever.
• Aedes mosquitoes are a vector of
dengue fever.
• IP = 5-6 days
• Dengue Fever is a severe, flu-like illness ‘Act Early, Prevent
Dengue: Clean
• All age and sex groups bitten by an Surroundings,
Healthy Living.
infected mosquito can get Dengue
 GLOBAL SCENARIO

• About half the world is at risk of dengue, with 100–400M

cases annually.
• By April 2024, 7.6M cases (3.4M confirmed), 16,000 severe
cases, and 3,000+ deaths reported.
• Dengue is active in 90 countries.
• WHO runs a global monthly surveillance system to track
trends and incidence.
INDIAN SCENARIO
289235 dengue cases reported in India 233519 dengue cases in 2024 with 297
in 2023 with 485 deaths deaths

12043 dengue cases in 2025 with 6

deaths

Maharashtra 19385 cases

1159 cases and 0
19034 cases and and 40 deaths deaths in 2025.
55 deaths in 2023 in 2024
DIAGNOSIS
OF A DENGUE
CASE
MANAGEMENT
OF DF/DHF
GOVT OF INDIA INITIATIVE FOR THE
PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF DENGUE
AND CHIKUNGUNYA
● Guidelines and operational manuals
● Sentinel surveillance hospitals(SSH)
● Diagnostic support
● Capacity building
● Monitoring and advisories
● Financial support
CHIKUNGUNYA
● Chikungunya is a debilitating, but non-fatal, viral illness that is

spread by the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes.

• The disease resembles dengue fever, and is characterized by

severe, sometimes persistent, joint pain (arthiritis), fever and

rash.

• It is rarely life-threatening.

● There is no specific treatment for chikungunya.

 GLOBAL SCENARIO
● Epidemics shows secular trend with a gap of more than
10 years and has been identified in nearly 40 countries.
● Since 2003 ,there has been resurgence of chikungunya
outbreaks in islands of pacific ocean,including
Madagascar,the Comoros,Mauritius,and Reunion island
● CHIKV has been reported in 119 countries across all
WHO regions as of Dec 2024.
 INDIAN SCENARIO

● From 2021 to 2023, there were over 115,000 suspected cases

each year, 4-10% of which were laboratory confirmed .
● As of 31 December 2024, there are 192,343 suspect
chikungunya cases of which 12,587 (7%) were laboratory-
confirmed.
 2022,there were 148587 suspected 2023 200064 suspected cases and
cases and 8067 confirmed cases 11477 confirmed cases

In 2024 there were 240180 In 2025 there were 30876 suspected

suspected cases and cases and 1741 confirmed cases
17930 confirmed cases

Year Suspected Confirmed

cases cases
2022 14785 1087
MAHARASHTRA
2023 31181 1702
2024 57509 5854
2025 9109 616
SYMPTOMS OF CHIKUNGUNYA

● Headache
● Fever
● Chills
● Nausea
● Joint pain
● Back pain
● Vomiting
● Rash
 DIAGNOSIS & TREATMENT

● Chikungunya is diagnosed by blood tests (ELISA).

● These tests are conducting by identified SSHs (783) & ARLs
(17) by IgM kits supplied by NIV to the identified SSHs &
ARL.
● RTPCR
• No specific antiviral drug treatment
● Symptomatic treatment for fever and Musculo skeletal
pain
● Plenty of fluids
03/08/2025 56
FILARIASIS
• Lymphatic Filariasis (LF):
Also called elephantiasis, caused by
W. bancrofti and B. malayi.
• A major NTD in India, leading to
severe limb/genital swelling.
• Transmitted by bites of infected
mosquitoes (Culex, Mansonia, rarely
Anopheles).
GLOBAL SCENARIO

● Over 1 billion people are at risk of filariasis globally,

with 100 million symptomatic cases (90M W.
bancrofti, 10M B. malayi).
● Prevalent in 73 tropical/subtropical countries
across SE Asia, Africa, Mediterranean, South Pacific
& South America.
 INDIAN SCENARIO

•In India, 49 millions are affected (20M chronic, 29M carriers) by

W. bancrofti or B. malayi.
•Endemic in 250 districts across 20 states; non-endemic in J&K,
HP, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan, NE states.
•High endemic states: Bihar (highest), UP, AP, Karnataka, Odisha,
TN, Gujarat; Goa has the lowest.
CLINICAL FEATURES

Redness and
discolouration
Swelling
Pain and tenderness
fever
DIAGNOSIS OF LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS
FILARIA SURVEY
 3. Serological tests-
 To detect antibodies to mf and
2. Clinical survey- adults
 At the same time when blood is  Immunofluorescent and
collected, the people are complement-fixing techniques
examined for clinical
 Direct detection of parasite antigens
manifestations of filariasis
in patient’s blood or urine

5. Entomological survey-
4. Xenodiagnosis -  Mosquito collection from houses
 The mosquitoes are allowed to feed on the  Dissection of female vector species for
patient, and then dissected 2 weeks later detection of developmental forms of the
 Detecting low-density microfilaraemia parasite
 Study- extent and type of breeding places
 CONTROL MEASURES
1)Chemotherapy
DEC,Albendazole,Ivermectin

2)Vector control
 LYMPHOEDEMA MANAGEMENT

03/08/2025
 NATIONAL FILARIA CONTROL PROGRAMME
● NFCP (1955): Aimed to map endemic areas, control filariasis,
and train staff.
Key Measures:
● Mass drug administration
● Antilarval measures (urban), IRS (rural)
● Weekly source reduction, larvivorous fish use
● Detection & treatment of carriers via Filaria Clinics
FIVE PRONGED STRATEGY
 JAPANESE
ENCEPHALITIS
● Mosquito-borne Encephalitis
● Caused by Group B flavivirus
● Spread by Culex mosquitoes
● Affects mainly children <15 yrs; 10% cases >60 yrs
● Peaks during monsoon & post-monsoon (July–Nov)
● Outbreaks common July–Oct, especially in rainy season
SYMPTOMS OF JE
● Headache
● Fever
● Signs of meningitis
● Stupor
● Disorientation
● Coma
● Tremors
● Generalised paralysis
● Hypertonia
● Loss of coordination
 GLOBAL SCENARIO

•Main cause of viral encephalitis in Asia

•68,000 cases annually
•Symptomatic cases rare, but 30% fatality in encephalitis cases
•30–50% survivors have long-term neurological or psychiatric issues
•Endemic in 24 countries (SE Asia & Western Pacific)
•Over 3 billion people at risk
 INDIAN SCENARIO
● Major public health concern
● Included under NVBDCP in 2003
● JE/AES reported in 355 districts across 24 States/UTs
● Endemic states: UP, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, MP,
Chhattisgarh, AP, Telangana, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu
● Northeast endemic: Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur
NATIONAL PROGRAM FOR PREVENTION AND
CONTROL OF JE/AES
OBJECTIVES
 Expand JE vaccination in affected areas
Goal:-
 Strengthen surveillance, vector control, and
To reduce
morbidity, case management
mortality, and
 Improve safe water and sanitation access
disability in
children due to  Assess and address disability burden
JE/AES.
through rehabilitation
 Enhance child nutrition in risk zones
 Conduct IEC/BCC activities for awareness
 STRATEGIES
● No specific cure – focus on prevention & early management
● Key components:
○ Vaccination
○ Early case detection & management
○ Surveillance
○ Vector control
○ IEC activities
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
Confirmation of a suspected case of JE requires
1. Serology
 Using IgM-capture ELISA
 Detects specific IgM in the cerebrospinal fluid or blood
 Within 7 days of onset of disease.
 Antibody assay- rise in total JE-specific antibody, dot-blot
IgM assay

 2.RTPCR
 3. Tissue culture- Blood or CSF
CONTROL MEASURES
● Vector Control: Key to reducing
transmission
● Vaccination:
○ Inactivated (mouse brain-derived)
– Nakayama/Beijing strain
○ Dose: 0.5 ml (<3 yrs), 1 ml (>3 yrs)
○ Live attenuated (cell culture-
derived) – SA 14-14-2 strain
o 2 doses at 9 & 18 months
03/08/2025
● Kala-azar: Caused by Leishmania
parasite, affects the
reticuloendothelial system (bone
marrow, spleen, liver).
PKDL: Skin condition where
L. donovani invades skin cells, causing
lesions, usually years after kala-azar
treatment.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
•Recurrent fever, loss of appetite, weight
loss, weakness
•Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly
•Dry, scaly skin, hair loss, pallor, anaemia
•Greyish skin discoloration in light-skinned
individuals ("Kala-azar" = Black fever)
•Lymphadenopathy uncommon in India
DIAGNOSIS
•Clinical: Fever >2 weeks, not responding to
antimalarials/antibiotics; anaemia, leucopenia,
thrombocytopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia
•Lab:
Serology: DAT, dipstick, ELISA
Confirmatory: Parasite in bone marrow/spleen/lymph
node or culture
 GLOBAL SCENARIO
● Leishmaniasis occurs in 88 countries across South/Central
America, Africa, Asia & Southern Europe.
Annual Cases: 7–10 lakh;
● VL: 50,000–90,000 cases/year (Brazil, East Africa, SE Asia); only
25–45% reported.
● CL: Most common (6 lakh/year), mainly in Americas,
Mediterranean, Middle East, Central Asia; only 2 lakh reported.
● ML: Seen in Bolivia, Brazil, Ethiopia, Peru.
INDIAN SCENARIO

•Endemic in Bihar, Jharkhand, UP,

West Bengal
•54 districts affected; sporadic cases
elsewhere
•165.4 million at risk
•Mainly affects rural poor population
KALA AZAR ELIMINATION INITIATIVE
• Incentive to ASHA Rs. 500 for Kala-azar and PKDL case
identification, complete treatment & follow up
• One time Wage loss incentives/compensation of Rs 4000
to each new PKDL patient and Rs 500 for Kala-azar
patient
• Free diagnosis and treatment for KA and PKDL patients at
all CHC/PHCs of the endemic blocks
• To generate healthy competition among
states/districts/blocks and incentivize the well-performing
states for achieving the target.
• Real-time reporting of data through Kala-azar Management
Information System (KAMIS)
• Engagement of 22 medical colleges in 4 states to enhance
surveillance and service delivery for KA affected patients
 NATIONAL KALA-AZAR ELIMINATION
PROGRAMME
•Launched in 1990–91, 100% funded by Centre since 2003
•Elimination goal: Initially 2010, revised to 2023 (WHO: 2030)
•NCVBDC supports HR and VBDTS in high-burden districts
•Goal: Eliminate Kala-azar as a public health problem
•Objective: Reduce cases to <1 per 10,000 population at
block level by 2023
TREATMENT

1. Liposomal Amphotericin B(Ambisome)

 Single dose IV injection of 10 mg/kg

2.Paromomycin and miltefosine

 INTEGRATED VECTOR MANAGEMENT
● IVM is a rational decision making process to achieve effective
vector control by the
● appropriate biological, chemical and environmental
interventions
 of proven efficacy
 separately or in combination as appropriate to the area
 through the optimal use of resources.
 INTEGRATED
VECTOR
MANAGEMENT
Capacity Advocacy
Building social
mobilisation
Evidence legislation
based decision
Intra and inter
making
Integrated sectoral
approach collaboration
Vector Control measures
Anti-larval Measures-
(1)Environmental control-
 Source reduction-rendering the water unsuitable for
mosquito breeding
 Filling, levelling and drainage of breeding places
 Water management
(2) Chemical Control
(i)Mineral oils- Kills larvae and pupae within a short time
(ii) Paris green- Stomach poison kills surface-feeders larvae
(iii) Synthetic insecticides- Organophosphorous compounds
Fenthion, Chlorpyrifos and Abate
(c) Biological control- Fishes- Gambusia affinis, Poecilia
(Guppy), Lebister reticulatus
Bacteria: Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus sphaericus
2. Anti-Adult Measures:
(a) Indoor Residual Spray (IRS):
● In high-risk areas (API ≥2)
● DDT/Synthetic pyrethroids: 2 rounds/yr
● Malathion: 3 rounds/year
(b) Space Sprays:
● Fog/mist spraying to kill mosquitoes
● Uses pyrethrum extract, Malathion,
Fenitrothion
03/08/2025
● 3.Protection Against Mosquito Bites
● a) Mosquito Net – Long Lasting
Insecticidal Nets (LLINs):
Made of HDPE or polyester.
Two types:
● Insecticide embedded in fibers, released
with heat.
● Insecticide coated with resin to resist
multiple washes.
● b) Screening:
Use copper/bronze mesh (16 mesh/inch, ≤0.0475 inch
openings).
Costly but highly effective.
● c) Repellents:
DEET effective up to 18–20 hrs against C. fatigans.
Others: Indalone, Dimethyl Phthalate, etc.
Applied on skin, offer short-term protection.
ARTICLES
SDGs related to vector borne diseases
3 Good
health and
well doing
6 Clean
1 No
water and
poverty
sanitation
Effective
vector
control
11
17
sustainable
Partnership
communities
for the goals
and cities
13 Climate
action
SUMMARY
● Launched: 2003-04 | Under MoHFW, integrated with NHM
Diseases Covered:
Malaria, Dengue, Chikungunya, Filariasis, Japanese Encephalitis (JE), Kala-
azar
Core Strategies:
● Early diagnosis & complete treatment (EDPT)
● Mass Drug Administration (MDA) – Filariasis
● Integrated Vector Management (IVM): IRS, LLINs, fogging, larvivorous fish
● JE vaccination in endemic areas
● Surveillance: IHIP, CMIS, sentinel sites
● IEC/BCC & intersectoral coordination
● Key Progress Highlights (India):
● Malaria: 122 districts reported zero cases (2023); exited HBHI group in 2024
● Dengue: Cases declining in Maharashtra (2023–25)
● Chikungunya: Periodic outbreaks; no specific treatment
● Filariasis: Endemic in 250 districts; 5-pronged strategy
● JE: Endemic in 24 states; vaccination + vector control
● Kala-azar: Target <1 case/10,000 by 2023; real-time tracking via KAMIS
Urban Malaria Scheme: For towns >50,000 with API ≥2
Integrated Vector Management: Environmental, chemical, biological &
personal protection methods
 Strengths
SWOT
• Integrated approach: Covers multiple
vector-borne diseases (Malaria, Opportunities Threats
Dengue, Chikungunya,Weaknesses• Use of technology:
JE, Filaria, • Insecticide
GIS, mobileand drug resistance
Kala-azar).• Dependence on external
apps, AIfunding
in surveillance.
(e.g., chloroquine-resistant malaria).
• Strong surveillance system:• IHIP,
(e.g., GFATM). • Climate change
Public-private partnerships (PPP) for
expanding vector
CMIS/MMIS • for
Inconsistent
real-time data.
implementation
innovation &across
logistics.
habitats.
• commitment:•100%
Governmentstates. • Migration
Stronger community participation
& urbanization—rise in
• Shortage
centrally sponsored schemes
of trained
forthrough
manpower
ASHAs,inSHGs.
unplanned settlements.
remote areas. • Research & vaccine
some diseases. • Emergence
development of new pathogens (e.g.,
• • Underreporting
IEC/BCC strategies: Awareness &(e.g.,
and
delayfor
indengue, malaria).
Zika).
community involvement. • Urbanareas.
diagnosis in rural/tribal malaria•focusFunding
via Urban
cuts or shifting priorities at
• • and
Insecticide Limited
diagnostic
intersectoral
support:
Vector
coordination.
Borne Diseasenational/global
Schemes. level.
Free RDTs, LLINs, IRS, et

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● K Park. Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine. Bhanot

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• www.nvbdcp.co.in
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