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Semiconductors Introduction

The document provides an introduction to electronics and electrical technology, highlighting their differences in energy flow and components. It explains atomic structure, covalent bonding, and energy band theory, detailing the behavior of electrons in conductors, semiconductors, and insulators. A comparison of these materials is also presented, focusing on properties such as current conduction, valence electrons, bonding types, energy gaps, and resistance.

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Jain Marshel B
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14 views27 pages

Semiconductors Introduction

The document provides an introduction to electronics and electrical technology, highlighting their differences in energy flow and components. It explains atomic structure, covalent bonding, and energy band theory, detailing the behavior of electrons in conductors, semiconductors, and insulators. A comparison of these materials is also presented, focusing on properties such as current conduction, valence electrons, bonding types, energy gaps, and resistance.

Uploaded by

Jain Marshel B
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electronics - An introduction

Electrical Technology Electronics


Technology
The electrical Electronic technology
technology deals with deals with amplifying
the generation, and switching electrical
distribution, storage, energy with the help of
and conversion of different electronics
electrical energy/power, equipment.
etc.
In the electrical circuit, In the electronic circuit,
electrical energy the energy consists of
consists of the flow of the flow of electron and
electron. hole.
It consists of passive It consists of active
components. components.
Example: Resistor, Photodiodes,
capacitor, inductor. phototransistor, are the
Structure of Atom

 An atom is composed of
charged particles namely
neutrons, electrons and
protons
 All the protons and
neutrons are bound
together at the centre of
an atom, called nucleus.
 The electron spirals
towards the nucleus and
when an electron jumps
from higher orbits to
lower orbits, the
radiation of energy takes
place.
Atomic structure of silicon
An electron in the outermost orbit is loosely
bond to the nucleus and has higher energy.
The Electron revolving in the inner shell is
very close to the nucleus is very tightly bound
and has only a small amount of energy.

Covalent bond:
The valence electrons form a bond with the
valence electrons of an adjacent atoms

Energy –gap
The difference between the energy levels of any
orbits is called as energy gap.
Covalent bond
Energy Band Theory
Valence band:
The Valence electrons combine together to form
the covalent bonds. The energy band formed due to
merging of energy levels related with the free
electrons is called valence band.
Conduction band:
When energy is applied to the valence electrons in
the covalent bond, these electrons escape from the
bond and the electrons become free to conduct.
The energy band due to merging of energy levels
associated with the free electrons is called
conduction band.
Forbidden energy Gap:
The energy gap between the conduction band and
the valence band is called forbidden energy gap.
Energy –Band Diagram
Comparison of Conductors ,
Semiconductors and Insulators
S.N Property Conductor Semiconductor Insulator
o
1. Current A conductor Semiconductor An
Conduction conducts current insulator
Electrical conduction is does not
current easily more than conduct
insulator and less any current
Than conductor
2. Valence One valence 4 valence 8 valence
electron electron electrons electrons
3. Bond Metallic bond Covalent bond Ionic bond

4. Energy gap Valence and Energy gap-1.1eV Energy


conduction gap-6 to
bands are 10eV
overlapped
5. Resistance Very small High Very high

6. Temperature Positive Negative Negative

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