Java Programming
By:
Asad Khan
Lecturer in CS GPGC Lakki Marwat
07/30/2025
Array
• Arrays are used to store multiple values in a single variable,
instead of declaring separate variables for each value.
• To declare an array, define the variable type with square brackets:
• String[] cars;
• We have now declared a variable that holds an array of strings.
• To insert values to it, you can place the values in a comma-
separated list, inside curly braces:
• String[] cars = {"Volvo", "BMW", "Ford", "Mazda"};
• To create an array of integers, you could write:
• int[] myNum = {10, 20, 30, 40};
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Access the Elements of an Array
• You can access an array element by referring to the
index number.
• This statement accesses the value of the first element in
cars:
• Example:
• String[] cars = {"Volvo", "BMW", "Ford", "Mazda"};
• System.out.println(cars[2]);
• // Outputs Ford
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Change an Array Element
• To change the value of a specific element, refer to the index
number:
• public class Main {
• public static void main(String[] args) {
• String[] cars = {"Volvo", "BMW", "Ford", "Mazda"};
• cars[0] = “Volkswagen";
• cars[2] = “Toyota";
• System.out.println(cars[0],cars[2]);
• }
• }
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Array Length
• To find out how many elements an array has, use the
length property:
• public class Main {
• public static void main(String[] args) {
• String[] cars = {"Volvo", "BMW", "Ford",
"Mazda“,”suzuki”};
• System.out.println(cars.length);
• }
• }
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Loop Through an Array
• You can loop through the array elements with the for loop, and
use the length property to specify how many times the loop
should run.
• public class Main {
• public static void main(String[] args) {
• String[] cars = {"Volvo", "BMW", "Ford", "Mazda"};
• for (int i = 0; i < cars.length; i++) {
• System.out.println(cars[i]);
• }
• }}
• The example above can be read like this: for each String
element (called i - as in index) in cars, print out the value of i.
• If you compare the for loop and for-each loop, you will see
that the for-each method is easier to write, it does not require a
counter (using the length property), and it is more readable.
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Two dimensional Arrays in Java
• Multidimensional arrays are arrays of arrays with each element
of the array holding the reference of other arrays. These are
also known as Jagged Arrays.
• A multidimensional array is created by appending one set of
square brackets ([]) per dimension.
• Multidimensional arrays are useful when you want to store
data as a tabular form, like a table with rows and columns.
• To create a two-dimensional array, add each array within its
own set of curly braces:
• Example:
• int[][] myNumbers = { {1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7} };
• myNumbers is now an array with two arrays as its elements.
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Access Elements of an array
• To access the elements of the myNumbers array, specify two
indexes: one for the array, and one for the element inside that
array.
• This example accesses the third element (2) in the second
array (1) of myNumbers:
• Example
• int[ ][ ] myNumbers = { {1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7} };
• System.out.println(myNumbers[1][2]);
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Cont…
public class twoDimensional {
// main function
public static void main(String args[])
{
// declaring and initializing 2D array
int arr[][]
= { { 2, 7, 9 }, { 3, 6, 1 }, { 7, 4, 2 } };
// printing 2D array
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
System.out.print(arr[i][j] + " ");
System.out.println();
}
}
}
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Cont…
public class Test {
public static void main(String args[])
{
int arr[ ] = { 3, 1, 2, 5, 4 };
// passing array to method m1
sum(arr);
}
public static void sum(int[] arr)
{
// getting sum of array values
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++)
sum += arr[i];
System.out.println("sum of array values : " + sum);
}
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}
Cont…
public class TwoDArray {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int rows = 3;
int columns = 3;
int[ ][ ] array = new int[rows][columns];
int value = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < columns; j++)
{
array[i][j] = value;
value++;
}
}
System.out.println("The 2D array is: ");
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < columns; j++) {
System.out.print(array[i][j] + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}}}
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Assignment
1. String Reverse Program in Java.
2. Factorial Program using Recursion.
3. Calculator Program in Java.
4. Swapping Two Numbers In Java.
5. Find the Transpose of a given Matrix.
6. A Program to perform basic Calculator operations.
7. Check Vowel or Consonant in Java.
8. Java program to find occurrence of a character in a String.
9. Calculate average of numbers using Array.
10. Java Program to sort an array in ascending order.
11. Check Even or Odd Number.
12. Check Leap Year in Java.
Note: Assignment is hand written.
Deadline: 01-09-2025
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Thank you
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