Introduction

• The tree has always been and remains, one of humanity’s most critically
needed plants on Earth.
• Wood is natural, organic, lightweight, strong, readily accessible and simple to
work with in construction.
• Its wide variety of colours, textures, grain patterns and fragrances gives
designers a versatile and adaptable expressive tool for construction.
• Wood had crucial role from ancient to modern civilization. For thousand of
years wood was the most conventical building material along with stone
and clay.
• Uses of wood :
Softwood such as pine, fir, spruce or cedar are less expensive and more
plentiful.
while Hardwood such as oak, cherry, ash, walnut, poplar, or birch,
generally have finer grain, a better appearance and are more expensive.
• Some wood types that are typically used for specific purposes – fir, pine and
spruce are most often used for structural members, while more refined
woods such as cherry or birch, which are richer in appearance are used for
furniture and finish carpentry. Still other wood such as California redwood,
cypress and red or white cedar are more decay – resistant and therefore are
often used or exterior exposures such as roofing and wall cladding.
Applications in architecture
• Structural Frameworks
• Exterior Cladding
• Interior Finishes
• Doors and Windows
• Furniture and Fixtures
 • Modular Construction
Self Contain Kitchen Self

Rough In Plumbing
Kitchen Cabinets And Appliances

2*12 Wood Roof Joists

Structural
Sheathing

Exterior Finish Per Owner

Self Contained Bathroom Self

Complete Module
• Acoustic panels
• TRUSSES
 • Historical and Cultural Significance
The Lakshana Devi Temple in Bharmour Pagoda
• Innovative Applications
 Use of wood in lintel
• Wooden Lintels: These are • Glulam Lintels: These are
traditional lintels made from engineered wood products
solid wood, often used in made from laminated wood
older buildings or for strands, offering strength and
decorative purposes. durability.
• Laminated Veneer Lumber • I-Joist Lintels: These are
(LVL) Lintels: Similar to lightweight, engineered wood
glulam, LVL lintels are made products made from wood
from layers of wood veneer fibers and adhesives, often
pressed together, providing a used in modern construction.
strong and stable beam.
• Wood construction often categorized into four methods:
1. Timber Framing:
Description: This method involves using heavy timber beams and posts to create a framework. The joints are often
connected using wooden pegs or metal fasteners.
Features: Exposed beams, large open spaces, traditional joinery techniques.
Applications: Used in historical buildings, barns, and some modern homes for its aesthetic and structural benefits.
 3. Balloon Framing:
2. Platform Framing:
Description: In this method, long continuous framing
Description: Also known as stick framing, this method
members (studs) extend from the foundation to the roof,
uses smaller, standardized lumber pieces to construct with floors attached to the studs.
walls, floors, and roofs in a step-by-step process. Features: Provides uniform load distribution but can be
Features: Each floor is built as a platform before difficult to manage due to the long studs required .
constructing the next level, which makes it easier to Applications: Historically used in early American homes
manage and more flexible. but less common today due to fire safety concerns and
Applications: Commonly used in residential construction material inefficiencies.
for single-family homes and small apartment buildings.
4. Log Construction:
Description: This traditional method uses whole logs stacked horizontally to create walls, with
notches cut at the corners to interlock the logs.
Features: Provides a rustic and sturdy structure, with natural insulation properties.
Applications: Typically used in log cabins, lodges, and some rustic-style homes.
Advantages of wood
• Wood is a organic material with features of porosity and
hierarchy.
• Wood has natural colors and fair patterns.

• The natural grains of wood provide multiple textures to building, combining the building to the
surroundings
• Insulated to electricity and heat, wood floor is both thermal
and electrical insulated. It has good resistance to heat and
current flow.
• Wood is hard and carvable, easily adopted to various knife
cutting and machining
• Wood can be joint by glue, nail, screw or tenon easily and
firmly.
• Wood is apt for artificial planting.
Disadvantage of wood

• Wood absorbs moisture with changes of season and ambient humidity,

wood expands or shrinks which may cause cracking and warping and
change its original shape and dimensions.
• The tissue of wood is uneven, even the same wood type varies a lot due to
different origins and soil conditions.
• Wood decays and discolors easily.
• The trees which produce wood grow slow and their diameters vary a lot. In
growing process, flaws such knots. Tilted patterns or out-of-shape may
happen.
• There are three types of preservatives that can be applied to wood:
1. Oil-based Preservatives: 2. Water-based Preservatives: 3. Organic Solvent-based
Application: Applied through Application: Typically applied through Preservatives:
brushing, spraying, or dipping; pressure treatment processes to Application: Can be applied through
often used in pressure treatment. ensure deep penetration. dipping, brushing, spraying, or pressure
Common Uses: Utility poles, Common Uses: Decks, fences, treatment.
railroad ties, marine pilings, and playground equipment, and other Common Uses: Interior wood
outdoor wood structures. outdoor wood applications. components, such as framing and
other structural elements, where
moisture is not a significant issue.
 Types of Wood
1. Hardwood

Oak: Maple:
Features: Strong, heavy, and durable with Features: Hard, strong, and smooth
a prominent grain pattern. with a fine, even texture.
Uses: Furniture, flooring, cabinetry, and Uses: Flooring, kitchen cabinets, and
wine barrels. cutting boards.
Mahogany: Cherry:
Features: Reddish-brown, easy to Features: Reddish hue that darkens
work with, and resistant to rot. with age, smooth grain.
Uses: High-end furniture, boat Uses: Furniture, cabinetry, and
building, and musical instruments. veneers.

Walnut:
Features: Rich, dark brown color,
strong, and easy to work with.
Uses: Fine furniture, gun stocks,
and paneling.
 2. Softwood
Spruce:
Features: Light, strong, and has a
straight grain.
Uses: Construction, musical
instruments, and paper
production.

Pine: Cedar:
Features: Lightweight, easy to work with, Features: Aromatic, resistant to decay
and has a pale color. and insects, and has a reddish color.
Uses: Construction, furniture, and paneling. Uses: Outdoor furniture, decking, and
closets.
Fir:
Features: Strong, relatively decay-
resistant, and has a straight, pronounced
grain.
Uses: Construction, plywood, and
furniture frames.

Redwood:
Features: Naturally resistant to insects
and decay, with a rich, reddish color.
Uses: Outdoor furniture, decking, and
fencing.
Bamboo(Soe Ker Tie House )
by TYIN Tegnestue Architects, Thailand
3. Engineered Wood

Plywood:
Features: Made from thin
layers of wood veneer
glued together, strong and
flexible.
Uses: Flooring, roofing, and
furniture.

Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF):

Features: Made from wood
fibers and resin, smooth and
consistent texture.
Uses: Furniture, cabinetry, and
moldings.
Particle Board:
Features: Made from wood chips and resin, cheaper and less durable than
MDF.
Uses: Affordable furniture, cabinetry, and countertops.
Types Of Used In India
• Teak wood: Known for • Sal wood: Found in the
its durability and fire- forests of Bihar, Andhra
resistance, teak wood is Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh,
considered one of the and other parts of India,
best types of wood for Sal wood is a popular
furniture making in India. choice for furniture
making.
• Sheesham : Also known as • Mango : Mango wood is a popular
Indian rosewood, sheesham is a choice for furniture making in
deciduous tree that's widely India, particularly for outdoor
cultivated in India. It's valued for furniture. It's known for its
its beautiful grain pattern and durability and resistance to rot.
durability.
• Babul : Babul is a thorny tree • Khair : Khair is a deciduous tree
that's commonly found in India's that's native to India. Its wood is
dry regions. Its wood is used for used for furniture, construction,
furniture, tool handles, and other and paper production.
applications.
• Deodar : Deodar is a coniferous • Banyan Wood : Dark brown to
tree that's native to the black heartwood, lighter sapwood,
Himalayas. Its wood is highly Coarse-grained, rough texture
valued for its durability, • Uses: Furniture making (outdoor),
strength, and resistance to rot. Carvings and sculptures,
Woodturning, Construction (frames,
doors, windows), Musical
instruments
JOINTS
Wood to Metal joinery
Wood to Concrete joinery
Wood to Glass joinery
Wood to Plastic
joinery
Wood to Stone joinery
ADHESIVES

METAL PLATES FASTNERS

TIMBER CONNECTORS TOOTHED PLATES
The Padmanabhapuram palace complex

• Padmanabhapuram palace is
the oldest, largest and well
preserved surviving example of
the traditional wooden
architecture in India.
• located in Tamil Nadu, India
• built around 1601 AD by the
Travancore king Iravi Varma
Kulasekhara Perumal
• It exemplifies traditional Kerala
architecture, combined with
influences from Dravidian and
Chinese styles.
Rumtek monastery, Sikkim
 Hidimba temple, Manali

Hidimba Temple in Manali, Himachal Pradesh, built in 1553, is dedicated to Hidimba

Devi from the Mahabharata.
It features unique pagoda-style architecture with intricately carved wooden doors
and a cone-shaped roof.
Set amidst lush cedar forests, it's known for its spiritual significance and
architectural beauty.
Bohra houses, Sidhdhpur
STORK NEST FARM Location: Prague, Czech Republic

• Architects: SGL Projekt

• Completion: 2010
• Designed to maximize natural
light and ventilation, reducing
energy consumption.
• Emphasis on natural and
sustainable building materials.
• Oak Wood is Primary
structural material and
cladding.
The Natural Boardwalk at Lincoln Park Zoo in Chicago

• Architects: Studio Gang

Architects
• Designed to urban wildlife
conservation and habitat
restoration
• Douglas fir and laminated
wood is Primary structural
material.