SURGICAL AND NON-
SURGICAL TREATMENTS
FOR OBESITY
GROUP PARTUCIPANTS:
NAMES PARTICIPANTS ROLL NO
HAJRA MUKARAB (TL) SU91-BSATM-S23-040
MINAHIL SHAHZAD SU91-BSATM-S23-023
MUHAMMAD SHAHZAD SU91-BSATM-S23-009
MUHAMMAD SAJID SU91-BSATM-S23-088
HASSAN GELANI SU91-BSATM-S23-087
MUHAMMAD IJAZ SU91-BSATM-F22-188
RAMEEZ SU91-BSATM-S23-051
SHEEZA WASEEM SU91-BSATM-F22-144
BISMA SU91-BSATM-F22-129
AMEER HAMZA SU91-BSATM-S23-056
INTRODUCTION TO OBESITY
Obesity is a complex, chronic medical condition
characterized by excessive body fat accumulation.
1. Obesity can affect people of all ages, including
children.
2. It is a growing health problem worldwide.
3. Commonly measured using Body Mass Index (BMI):
4. BMI ≥ 30 is considered obese.
5. Obesity is not just a cosmetic concern—it’s a serious
health issue that increases the risk of various diseases.
CAUSES OF OBESITY:
• GENETIC FACTORS – FAMILY HISTORY AND INHERITED TRAITS.
• LIFESTYLE CHOICES – POOR DIET, PHYSICAL INACTIVITY, AND SEDENTARY HABITS.
• PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS – STRESS, EMOTIONAL EATING, AND SLEEP DISORDERS.
• MEDICAL CONDITIONS – HYPOTHYROIDISM, POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS),
AND CERTAIN MEDICATIONS (E.G., ANTIDEPRESSANTS, CORTICOSTEROIDS).
• SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS – LIMITED ACCESS TO HEALTHY FOODS, LACK OF SAFE
ENVIRONMENTS FOR EXERCISE.
COMPLICATIONS OF OBESITY
• CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES – HYPERTENSION, HEART
ATTACK, STROKE.
• TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.
• CERTAIN CANCERS – BREAST, COLON, ENDOMETRIAL, AND
OTHERS.
• SLEEP APNEA AND RESPIRATORY ISSUES.
• JOINT PROBLEMS – OSTEOARTHRITIS DUE TO INCREASED
LOAD ON JOINTS.
• PSYCHOSOCIAL IMPACT – DEPRESSION, LOW SELF-ESTEEM,
AND SOCIAL STIGMA.
TREATMENTS OF OBESITY
Obesity treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes
lifestyle interventions, pharmacological options, and surgical procedures
in some cases.
• Lifestyle modifications-- Dietary changes, physical activity,
behavioral therapy.
• Medications (pharmacological treatment)
1. Orlistat (reduces fat absorption.),
2. Naltrexone-bupropion – reduces food cravings.
3. LIRAGLUTIDE – APPETITE SUPPRESSANT (GLP-1 AGONIST).
MANAGEMENT OF OBESITY
There are two primary types
of management:
1. Surgical management.
2. Non-surgical management
SURGICAL TREATMENTS
(BARIATRIC SURGERY)
RECOMMENDED FOR: BMI ≥ 40, OR BMI ≥ 35 WITH OBESITY-RELATED
COMPLICATIONS.
• TYPES OF BARIATRIC SURGERIES:
1. Gastric bypass (roux-en-y) – alters stomach and intestines to reduce
food intake and absorption.
2. Sleeve gastrectomy – removes part of the stomach to limit food
intake.
3. Adjustable gastric banding – band placed around the upper stomach
to create a small pouch.
4. Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch – significant
alteration of the digestive tract (less common).
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT (BARIATRIC
SURGERY)
WHO IT'S FOR_
1. Patients with severe obesity not responding to non-surgical
methods.
2. Patients with serious obesity-related health conditions.
COMMON PROCEDURES_ Gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy,
gastric banding, biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch.
NON-SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
Lifestyle and Behavioral Interventions:
Pharmacotherapy:
Endoscopic Procedures (Minimally Invasive, Non-surgical):
LIFESTYLE AND BEHAVIORAL
INTERVENTIONS
• DIETARY CHANGES:
• INCREASED PHYSICAL
ACTIVITY:
• BEHAVIORAL STRATEGIES:
• HABIT CHANGE:
• TAILORED APPROACH:
PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY FOR
OBESITY
• Pharmacological therapy for obesity involves using medications to
help people lose weight and manage their weight
• These medications work through different mechanisms to reduce
appetite, increase energy expenditure, or decrease fat absorption.
Medications for Long-Term Use: Other Medications (Short-Term Use or Off-Label):
Orlistat (Xenical, Alli) Phentermine
Liraglutide (Saxenda, Victoza) Topiramate
Phentermine-topiramate (Qsymia) Lorcaserin
Naltrexone-bupropion (Contrave)
Semaglutide (Wegovy, Ozempic)
ENDOSCOPIC PROCEDURES
• Endoscopic procedures are minimally invasive,
non-surgical ways to examine and/or treat
areas inside the body, typically through a long,
thin tube with a camera and light (endoscope).
• They offer advantages like less pain, scarring,
and recovery time compared to traditional
surgery.
• Despite the limitations, patients may benefit
from these techniques in specific clinical
situations, in whom bariatric surgery is
contraindicated:
• Endoscopic techniques are not free of
complications, and careful advice should be
provided by an experienced professional.
TYPES OF ENDOSCOPIC THERAPIES
Some of the most common techniques are named
below.
Gastric interventions:
Intragastric balloon
Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty
Primary obesity surgery endoluminal (POSE)
Small bowel interventions:
Endobarrier.
CONCLUSION
Obesity is a multifactorial and chronic health condition that requires a comprehensive
treatment strategy. Both non-surgical and surgical options play crucial roles in the
effective management of obesity.
Non-surgical methods, including lifestyle changes and medications, are the first line of
treatment and are effective in many patients. For those who do not respond or have
severe obesity with complications, surgical interventions offer a more definitive solution.
The choice of treatment should be individualized, considering the patient's health status,
preferences, and long-term goals. A multidisciplinary approach with medical, nutritional,
and psychological support is essential for sustained success in managing obesity.
