Processing Unit
Pre-treatment
Processes
Abdul Moeed
Ramsha Javaid
Samreen Ali
Sawaira Zainab
Bilal
Pre-treatments
• Process of preparing fabric to remove impurities from the fabric.
• To make fabric ready for different procedures such as bleaching,
dyeing, printing and finishing.
• Fabric impurities involves protruding fibers, sizing agents, dirt,
dust, chemicals etc.
• It also helps to improve absorbency in the fabric.
Raising
• A process that creates a hairy surface on the fabric by
using rotating rollers covered with metal fillets or
needles.
• Two machines (Maria Cruster from Germany & Lofar
Raising from Italy).
• Used to make fennel fabric from grey fabric.
• Grey fabric passes from different rotating rollers and
fillets.
• These rollers helps to create desired texture (4 rollers).
• Production: 20,000m/day (10,20 count)
• Rpm: 15-20
Shearing
• Process of removal of extra fibers or yarn from
surface of the fabric to create a smooth and uniform
finish.
• Remove extra hairiness from fennel fabric.
• Rotating sharp blades are attached to cut protruding
fibers.
• One machine (in-house)
Singing
• One machine
• Process of removing pilling, hairiness and create a
uniform fabric.
• PO→ Weaving fabric(shearing) → Fabric stitch→ rollers
→ pre-brushing(to raise unwanted yarn) → Burners (to
burn fiber ends)
• Burner temperature: 16-1800 degree
Singing (Desizeing)
• The process of removal of size to create absorbency
for dye, print or finish etc.
• After removal of pilling and extra yarn from fabric,
it goes for desizing bath where different chemicals
are being applied.
• Different enzymes are used for biodegradation of
sizing material.
• Process: From burner → Desizing bath (7 rollers to
pass fabric) → Squeezing rollers → batcher
• Burner intensity depends on quality of fabric.
• Roller rotation time (cotton: 8hrs, PC: 6-8hrs)
Recipe for Desizing
• Hydrogen peroxide
• NaoH (Castic)
• Sequesting Agent (cotton 2g only)
• Wetting Agent (2-3g/liter)
• Enzymes (3-4g/liter)
• Oxyclix Acid that helps to remove iron (2-3g/liter)
Singing Cold Pad
• To be done on white fabric.
• To gain degree of whiteness (130,140,150)
• Recipe: Hydrogen peroxide (25g/liter)
• NaoH (Castic) (15g/liter)
• Wetting agent (3-4g/liter)
• Rotation of batcher: 16-18hrs
Bleaching Process
• Process of removal of all color impurities.
• Increase degree of whiteness of fabric
• Fabric batcher taken from rotating roller
• Fabric passed through three different washing at different
temperature
• 1st washing at 95◦C, 2nd washing at 60-65◦C, 3rd washing
normal temp 50◦C
• Fabric passed through different cylindrical rollers
• Then chemical recipe applied to fabric
• Fabric passed through steamer (30 mint), then normal
washing at 50◦C (4 washing to make it netural)
• Fabric then sent to dryer and roll on the roller.
Recipe for bleaching
For print & dye (changeable quantity of chemicals)
• Hydrogen peroxide (to remove natural color of cotton)
• Caustic (pH & activated fabric molecules)
• Wetting Agent (increase absorbency)
• Stabilizer (control chemical reaction)
• Sequesting Agent (avoid bubbling) (only for cotton and satan)
• UV Agent (to make UV effect)
Mercerizing
• To enhance luster, strength, dye, absorbency and
smoothness.
• Factors involves temperature, time and tension.
• Fabric → Dipping section → Castic dipping → Caustic
recovery → passed from Hallow tube → caustic recovery
with shower applied → mercerize fabric
Thermosol Dyeing
• Process of continuous dyeing process
