Difference between Gender and sex
Sex Gender
• Refers to the social
• Refers to the biological differences between males
and physical and females that are learned.
characteristics that • Social differences could be
define men and women. changed over time, and have
• reproductive systems wide variations within
• (women have breasts cultures.
and internal • “Gender” determines the
reproductive organs roles, responsibilities,
capable of gestating opportunities, privileges,
children, men have expectations, and limitations
external reproductive for males and for females in
organs, etc.) any culture.
GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE
• Gender-based violence is any harmful act that is
committed against a person’s will, and that is based on
socially (gender) differences between males and females.
• It includes acts that cause physical, sexual or mental harm
or suffering, coercion, and other deprivations of liberty.
• These acts can occur in public or in private.
Kinds of Power
• Power Over: Power that one person or group uses to
control another person or group.
• Power within: Strength that arises from inside
ourselves when we recognize the equal ability within all
of us to influence our own lives and the community.
When two or more people come together to
accomplish something that they could not do alone.
• Power to: Beliefs and actions that individuals and
groups use to create positive change. Or when
individuals work to ensure that all community members
have human rights and are able to achieve their full
potential.
Forms of GBV
1. Sexual Violence Rape
A. Sexual Abuse / Assault
B. Sexual Harassment
C. Sexual Exploitation
D. Trafficking for Sex
E. Forced or Unwanted Touching
F. Child / Early Marriage
G. Forced Marriage
H. Domestic Violence
2. Intimate Partner Violence
A. Physical Violence
B. Socio-Economic
C. Psychological
D. Emotional Neglect
Causes of GBV
Key factors Cofactors
• Alcohol and Drugs
• Power Imbalances • Conflict
• Religion • Natural Disasters
• Poverty
• Culture
• Illiteracy
• Traditions
• Militarization
• Gender Inequality
• Emergencies
• Family Separation
consequences of GBV
• Shame / Stigmatization
• Honour Killing / Death
• Non-disclosure
• Physical Injuries
• Damage to Reproductive Organs
• Sexually Transmitted Infections: HIV/AIDS
• Pregnancy
• Social Isolation
• Behavioral Disorder
• Emotional Disorder
• Psychological / Mental health problems: Low self-esteem, Anxiety
and Depression
strategies
• can be categorized into prevention and intervention
I. Prevention Strategies
1. Education and Awareness:
1) Comprehensive sex education
2) Public awareness campaigns:
3) Bystander intervention training
2. Addressing Root Causes:
• Promote gender equality
• Tackle poverty and inequality:
• Strengthen rule of law and justice systems:
• Address harmful cultural and religious practices:
Empowering Women and Girls:
• Economic empowerment:
• Leadership opportunities:
• Access to healthcare and reproductive services
II. Intervention Strategies
• Emergency response and support
• Legal aid and protection:
• Law enforcement training:
• Community-based interventions
Support Strategies:
• Long-term support for survivors:
• Support for perpetrators:
• Research and data collection:
• Collaboration and Partnerships:
