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Challenges Motivating Deep Learning

The document discusses the challenges that motivated the shift from traditional machine learning to deep learning, highlighting issues such as manual feature engineering, handling complex data, poor scalability, and limitations in modeling non-linear relationships. Deep learning addresses these challenges through automatic feature learning, specialized neural networks, improved performance with large datasets, and enhanced hardware capabilities like GPUs and TPUs. The conclusion emphasizes that deep learning has become essential in various applications, including AI assistants and self-driving cars.

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Ramachandra Reddy S
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1K views13 pages

Challenges Motivating Deep Learning

The document discusses the challenges that motivated the shift from traditional machine learning to deep learning, highlighting issues such as manual feature engineering, handling complex data, poor scalability, and limitations in modeling non-linear relationships. Deep learning addresses these challenges through automatic feature learning, specialized neural networks, improved performance with large datasets, and enhanced hardware capabilities like GPUs and TPUs. The conclusion emphasizes that deep learning has become essential in various applications, including AI assistants and self-driving cars.

Uploaded by

Ramachandra Reddy S
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Challenges Motivating Deep

Learning
Why We Moved Beyond Traditional
Machine Learning
Presented by: [Your Name]
What is Deep Learning?

• Subset of Machine Learning


• Uses neural networks with many layers
• Learns features from raw data automatically
• Why did we need Deep Learning?
Challenge #1 – Manual Feature
Engineering
• Traditional ML requires hand-crafted features
• Needs domain knowledge
• Deep learning learns features automatically
Challenge #2 – Handling Complex
Data
• Real-world data is complex and unstructured (images, speech, etc.)
• Traditional ML struggles with such data types
• DL models like CNNs, RNNs, and Transformers handle them well
Challenge #3 – Poor Scalability
with Big Data
• ML models often plateau(Stops) as data increases
• DL models improve performance with more data
Challenge #4 – Limited Non-linear
Modeling
• Traditional models struggle with non-linear relationships
• Deep networks model complex functions effectively
Challenge #5 – Curse of
Dimensionality
• More input features increase complexity
• Deep learning uses abstraction through layers to manage it
Challenge #6 – Hardware
Limitations
• Earlier CPUs limited deep network training
• Modern GPUs/TPUs enable fast, efficient training

• Graphics Processing Units :-


• Parallel Processing Power: GPUs excel at handling large numbers of parallel
computations, making them well-suited for the matrix operations and parallel processing
required by deep learning algorithms.
• Versatile Hardware: While originally designed for graphics rendering, GPUs have evolved
into powerful accelerators for various tasks, including deep learning.

• Tensor Processing Units :-


• Specialized for Deep Learning: TPUs are application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs)
designed specifically to accelerate tensor operations, the core computations in neural
networks.
• High Efficiency: TPUs are designed to be highly efficient in terms of performance per
watt for deep learning workloads, especially in large-scale training and inference.
Challenge #7 – Real-world
Application Gaps
• Traditional ML underperforms in vision/NLP tasks
• DL achieved breakthroughs like ResNet, BERT, GPT
Challenge #8 – Model Reusability

• Traditional ML models were built from scratch each time


• DL enables transfer learning with pretrained models
Summary of All Challenges

• Manual features → Learns from data


• Complex data → Specialized networks
• Big data → Better with more data
• Non-linearity → Deep layers
• Curse of dimensionality → Layered abstraction
• Hardware → GPU/TPU acceleration
• Application mismatch → DL solves better
• Reusability → Transfer learning
Conclusion

• Traditional ML had limitations


• Deep Learning emerged to overcome those challenges
• Now used in AI assistants, self-driving cars, medical imaging, etc.
Q&A

• Any questions?

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