WORLD
AIDS DAY
Every year
celebrated
on 1st
December
THEME
• The path that ends AIDS is a rights path.
Upholding the United Nations Declaration
on Human Rights, and fostering inclusion
of all communities, are essential for ending
AIDS, for ensuring sustainable
development and for human security.
• "Know Your Status": Encouraging people to
get tested for HIV.
introduction to aids
• What is AIDS?
AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome) is a chronic and life-
threatening condition caused by
the Human Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV). It's a progressive
disease that attacks the body's
immune system, making it
difficult to fight off infections and
diseases.
WHAT IS HIV?
• HIV (Human
Immunodeficiency Virus)
is a virus that targets the
body's immune system. It
specifically attacks CD4
cells (T-cells), which play a
crucial role in helping the
immune system fight off
infections
HISTORY OF AIDS VIRUS
• Early Years (1950s-1970s):
1. First reported cases: The first reported cases
of AIDS-like illnesses emerged in the 1950s
and 1960s in Africa and the United States.
2. Identification of HIV: In 1959, a blood sample
was collected from a 15-year-old boy in
Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. This
sample would later be identified as one of
the earliest known cases of HIV.
CAUSAL ORGANISM FOR
AIDS
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus
(HIV)Specifically:-
• HIV-1: The most common and virulent strain,
responsible for the majority of HIV infections
worldwide.-
• HIV-2: A less virulent strain, primarily found in
West Africa.HIV is a member of the
Retroviridae family, a group of viruses that
reverse transcribe their genetic material from
RNA into DNA.
Key characteristics of HIV:
• RNA genome: HIV has a single-stranded RNA genome.
• Reverse transcription: HIV uses reverse transcriptase
to convert its RNA genome into DNA.
• Integration: HIV integrates its DNA into the host cell's
genome.
• Replication: HIV replicates within the host cell,
producing new viral particles. Understanding HIV's
structure, replication, and life cycle is crucial for
developing effective treatments and
prevention strategies.
CAUSES OF AIDS
• Primary Cause1. Human Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV):
HIV is the primary cause of AIDS. It attacks
and weakens the body's immune system,
making it vulnerable to opportunistic
infections and cancers.
Modes of HIV Transmission
• Unprotected Sex: Unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex with
an HIV-infected person.
• Sharing Needles: Sharing needles or syringes contaminated
with HIV-infected blood.
• Mother-to-Child Transmission: HIV transmission from an
infected mother to her child during pregnancy, childbirth, or
breastfeeding.
• Blood Transfusions: Receiving blood or blood products
contaminated with HIV.
• Occupational Exposure: Healthcare workers exposed to HIV-
infected blood or bodily fluids through needle sticks or other
accidents.
Risk Factors
• Injected Drug Use: Injecting drugs
with shared needles increases the
risk of HIV transmission.
• Sexually Transmitted Infections
(STIs): Having an STI, such as syphilis
or gonorrhea, increases the risk of
HIV transmission.
• Age: Young people (15-24 years) are
more vulnerable to HIV infection.
• Poverty and Socioeconomic Factors:
Poverty, lack of education, and
socioeconomic factors can increase
the risk of HIV transmission.
OTHER FACTOR
• Genetic Predisposition: Some people may be more
susceptible to HIV infection due to genetic factors.
• Co-Infections: Co-infections, such as tuberculosis
or hepatitis, can increase the risk of HIV
transmission.
• Malnutrition: Malnutrition can weaken the
immune system, making it more vulnerable to HIV
infection. It's essential to understand these causes
and risk factors to prevent the spread
of HIV and AIDS.
DIAGONOASIS
• Laboratory Tests:
• HIV Antibody Test: Detects antibodies against HIV in
blood or oral fluid.
• HIV Antigen Test: Detects the p24 antigen, which is part
of the HIV virus.
• HIV RNA Test: Measures the amount of HIV RNA in the
blood.
• CD4 Cell Count: Measures the number of CD4 cells (T-
cells) in the blood.
• Viral Load Test: Measures the amount of HIV in the
blood.
Diagnostic Criteria
• Clinical Criteria: Presence of symptoms and
signs of AIDS, such as opportunistic
infections, cancers, and neurological
disorders.
• Immunological Criteria: CD4 cell count below
200 cells/mm³.
• Virological Criteria: Detection of HIV RNA or
antigens in the blood.
SYMPTOMS FOR AIDS
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACT
• Socio-economic Impact:
Economic, social, and cultural
impact of AIDS on individuals and
communities.
• Stigma and Discrimination: Effects
of stigma and discrimination on
people living with HIV/AIDS.
• AIDS and Human Rights:
Relationship between AIDS,
human rights, and social justice.
RESEARCH AND FUTURE
PROSPECTS
• HIV Vaccine: Current status, challenges, and
prospects for an HIV vaccine.
• Cure for AIDS: Research towards a cure,
including gene editing and stem cell
therapies.
• Future of AIDS Treatment: Emerging trends,
technologies, and innovations
in AIDS treatment.
PREVENTION FOR AIDS
• Condoms: Use condoms correctly
every time you have sex, especially
with partners whose HIV status is
unknown or who are HIV positive.
• Antiretroviral therapy (ART):
People living with HIV can take
ART to reduce the risk of
transmitting HIV to others.
• Avoid sharing needles: Never share
needles, syringes, or other drug
injection equipment.
Thank
Presented by class-11th "A"
