SCIENC
E6
Earthquake is the shaking of
the ground. The sudden
release of energy causes
seismic waves that make
the ground shake when two
blocks of rock or two plates
rub against each other.
Study the picture below then answer
the questions on the right.
Guide Questions
1. What have you
noticed in the
picture?
2. What do you
think causes this
incident to
Earthquakes are usually caused by
underground rocks underground
suddenly breaking along a fault.
A fault is an extended break in a body
of a rock. This sudden release of energy
causes seismic waves that make the
ground shake when two blocks of rock or
two plates rub against each other.
The surface where they slip is called
the fault line.
Hypocentre the location below the
earth’s surface where the earthquake
starts.
Epicentre the location directly above
the surface of the earth.
During an earthquake, energy is released
through seismic waves that travel from
where the earthquake starts, a place
called the focus.
Magnitude measures the energy
released at the source of the earthquake.
It is determined from measurements on
seismographs.
The Richter Magnitude Scale measures
the amount of seismic energy released by
an earthquake.
Intensity measures the strength of
shaking produced by the earthquake at a
certain location. It is determined from
effects on people, infrastructures, and the
natural environment.
An earthquake with only
one magnitude will have
different intensities
depending on the location.
Changes Due to
Earthquake:
Earthquakes cause
great damage to
buildings, roads,
1. Damage to railroads, factories,
infrastructures dams, bridges etc., and
thus, cause heavy
damage to human
property.
Changes Due to
Earthquake:
The shocks produced by
earthquakes particularly in
hilly areas and mountains.
They are tectonically
sensitive causing landslides
2. Landslides and debris fall on human
settlements and transport
system on the lower slope
segments, inflicting damage
to them.
Changes Due to
Earthquake:
The strong vibrations caused by
severe earthquakes strongly
shake the buildings and thus
causing severe fires in houses,
mines, and factories because of
3. Fires overturning of cooking gas,
breaking of gas pipes, contact of
live electric wires, churning of
blast furnaces, displacement of
other fire related and electric
appliances.
Changes Due to
Earthquake:
Strong seismic waves can
damage dams thereby causing
severe flash floods. This can also
happen as a
result of blocking of water flow of
4. Flash rivers due to rocks and debris
Floods produced by severe tremors in
the hill slopes facing the river
valleys. Sometimes the blockage
is so
severe that rivers change their
Changes Due to
Earthquake:
Severe tremors and
resultant vibrations
caused by earthquakes
5.
result in the deformation
Deformation
of ground surface because
of Ground
of rise and sinking of
surface
ground surface and
faulting activity
( formation of faults).
Changes Due to
Earthquake:
The seismic waves caused by
earthquake (measuring
more than 7 on Richter scale)
travelling through sea
6. Tsunamis water generate high sea
waves and cause great loss
of
life and property.
Changes Due to
Earthquake:
Ground failure or loss of
strength that causes
7. otherwise solid soil to
Liquefaction behave temporarily as a
liquid due to ground
shaking
Changes Due to
Earthquake:
Severe injuries from
collapsed buildings and
infrastructure, falling debris,
8. Loss of suffocation, and drowning
Lives due to tsunami and flash
floods during an earthquake
may cause death among
people.
What I Have
Learned
What I Can Do
What preparation do you make to
prevent the harmful effects of
earthquake?
Assessme
nt carefully and encircle the
Read each question
letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following may result from
broken gas pipes and contact of live wires
during an earthquake?
A. liquefaction B. flash flood C. rockslide D. fire
2. Landslides are possible effects when
successive earthquakes happen. Which of the
following best describes a landslide?
A. Loose rocks and soil falling from the mountain.
B. Some parts of the ground open up.
C. Giant waves in the ocean.
D. Softening of the ground.
3. Tsunamis are one of the natural
occurrences that happen on Earth. When
does it occur?
A. When earthquake is weak
B. When earthquake is strong
C. When earthquake occurs on land
D. When earthquake occurs on the ocean
floor
4. Which of the following describes the
result of earthquake on Earth’s surface?
A. increase strength of ground
B. loss of lives and properties
C. strong infrastructures
D. low sea waves
5. Earthquakes happen without any notice.
Which of the following would be its worst
result?
A. flashfloods C. loss of lives
B. landslides D. tsunamis
6. Earthquakes are usually caused by
underground rocks underground suddenly
breaking along a fault. Which of the
following is its effect?
A. shaking of the ground C. increase water
supply
B. low level of sea water D. energy is
conserved
7. Intensity measures the strength of
shaking produced by the earthquake at a
certain location. Who will determine its
effects?
A. people
B. animals
C. plants
D. all of the above
8. The strong vibrations caused by severe
earthquakes strongly shake the buildings
and thus causing severe fires. Which of the
following will be its cause?
A. cooking gas C. electrical wires
B. gas pipes D. all of the above
9. Which of the following may be result of
broken gas pipes and contact of live wires
during an earthquake?
A. fire
B. flash flood
C. liquefaction
D. rockslide
10. Landslides are possible effects when
successive earthquakes happen. Which of
the following best describes landslide?
A. Loose rocks and soil falling from the
mountain
B. Some parts of the ground open up
C. Giant waves in the ocean
D. Softening of the ground
Additional
Activities
Read an article about earthquake
that happened in the
Philippines .Write at least two (2)
sentences describing its results on
the Earth’s surface.
HAPPY LEARNING!!!
THA
NK
YOU
