WHAT IS COMPUTER

 THE WORD “COMPUTER” COMES FROM THE WORD

COMPUTE, WHICH MEANS TO CALCULATE. SO A
COMPUTER IS NORMALLY CONSIDERED TO BE
CALCULATION DEVICE THAT PERFORM ARITHMETIC
OPERATIONS AT AN ENORMOUS SPEED.

 A COMPUTER IS BASICALLY A PROGRAMMABLE DEVICE.

 THE FULL FORM OF COMPUTER IS “ COMMON

OPERATING MACHINE PURPOSELY USED FOR

TECHNOLOGICAL AND EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH”.

FIVE BASIC OPERATION OF A COMPUTER
SYSTEM

 INPUTTING(KEYBOARD, MOUSE, SCANNER, ETC)

 STORING(RAM, HDD, PENDRIVE, ETC)
 PROCESSING(CPU)
 CONTROLLING(CU)
 OUTPUTTING(MONITOR, PRINTER)
COMPUTER INPUT UNITS

 KEYBOARD
 MOUSE
 SCANNER
 JOYSTICK
 LIGHTPEN
 MICROPHONE
 CD/DVD
 WEBCAM
 PENDRIVE
COMPUTER OUTPUT UNITS

 MONITOR
 PRINTER
 SPEAKER
 PLOTTER
 PROJECTOR
 HEADPHONE
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNITS(CPU)

 ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT(ALU)

 CONTROL UNIT(CU)
BOTH INPUT AND OUTPUT UNITS OF A
COMPUTER SYSTEM

 DIGITAL CAMERA
 PENDRIVE
 TOUCH SCREEN
 CD/DVD
 FAX
 WEBCAM
 MODEM
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS

 ANALOG COMPUTER
 DIGITAL COMPUTER
 HYBRID COMNPUTER
CHARACTERISTICS OF A COMPUTER

 SPEED
 ACCURACY
 STORAGE
 VERSATALITY
WHAT IS OPERATING SYSTEM

An operating system (OS) is the core software

that manages a computer's hardware and
software resources, enabling users to interact
with their devices and run applications.
FUNCTIONS OF AN OPERATING
SYSTEM

 File management
 Memory management
 Input/output management
 Processor management
 Security management
FILE MANAGEMENT AND MEMORY
MANAGEMENT

 FILE MANAGEMENT: The OS provides a system for managing

files and directories, allowing users to organize and access data.
 MEMORY MANAGEMENT: is the process of controlling and
coordinating a computer's main memory. It ensures that blocks
of memory space are properly managed and allocated so the
operating system (OS), applications and other running processes
have the memory they need to carry out their operations.
INPUT / OUTPUT MANAGEMENT

 Input / Output (I/O): management in an operating system

involves managing the flow of data between the CPU and
external devices like keyboards, printers, and storage
devices. The OS ensures efficient and reliable communication
and control of these I/O operations. This includes managing
device drivers, handling interrupts, and providing a consistent
interface for applications to interact with I/O devices.
PROCESSOR MANAGEMENT

 Process management: in an operating system (OS) involves

overseeing the lifecycle of processes, which are essentially
programs in execution. It includes tasks like process creation,
scheduling, resource allocation, synchronization, and
termination, ensuring efficient and stable system operation.
CLASSIFICATION OF OPERATING
SYSTEM

 Single user operating (DOS, WINDOW)

 Multiple user (LINUS,UNIX)
 Single Tasking (DOS)
 Multiple Tasking (LINUX,UNIX)
 DIFF BTW RAM / ROM

RAM ROM

 ROM stand for Read only
RAM(READ ONLY MEMORY)

memory
IT IS A PRIMARY MEMORY  It is a also primary memory
 IT IS VERSATILE  ROM is non volatile
 DATA CAN BE MODIFIED memory
 RAM IS FASTER MEMORY  Data can’t be modified
 ROM is slower than RAM
WHAT IS CACHE MEMORY

 Cache memory is a high speed memory built in the processor

and used between the main memory and the processor
 It is faster than main memory
Difference B/W Primary or Secondary memory

 Primary memory  Secondary memory

 Primary memory is Temporary  Secondary memory is a permanent
memory memory
 It is Volatile memory  It is a non volatile memory
 Its example are RAM and ROM  Its example are HDD, CD, Pen drive
etc.
 Difference B/W GUI and CUI
GUI ( Graphical user Interface) CUI (Character user Interface)

 GUI stand for Graphical user interface  CUI stand for Character user
 interface
It is a base operating system
 It is a character base or command
 It is a user friendly operating system
line interface
 Its example are MS window  It is also user friendly operating
 Its used Mouse and Keyboard system
 Its example are MS Dos
 It is used only Keyboard
 Difference B/W system Software and
Application Software
System Software Application Software

 System software are set of one or More  Application software package control to
programs that are basically Designed to the heed of a specific group of user, For
control the operating of a computer inventory control for school
 Running of other software packages.  Administration for library management
 etc.
A computer without system software
would be ineffective and impossible to  Application software cannot run without
operate. system software on the computer
 system
Some computer of system software are
operating system, Language Transferor,  Some example of application software
Loaders, Linkers, Compeller, Interpreter are Ms office, Tally , DTP etc.
etc.
Difference B/W function and formula is MS
EXCEL
Function Formula

 A function is built- in Calculation  A formula is user – defined calculation

 Function are pre- defined formulas  A formula is an expression which
are already available in excel calculation the value of cell.
  A formula is statement written by the
A function is a built- in operation
such as sum(), Average() etc. user to be calculate .
 All formulas must start with the equal
sign
 Examples are = 1+2+3
 Features of MS word

 Spelling and Grammar Check

 Mail Merge
 Macro
 Table
 Word Art
 Fine and Replace
 Thesaurus
 Hyperlink
 Wrap Text
 Features of MS EXCEL

 Cell . Row and Columns

 Formula and function
 Graphs and charts
 Goal seek
 Pivotable
 Auto fill, Flash fill & series
 Sort, Filter & advance Filter
 Data validation
 Macros
 Name defined etc.
SPREADSHEET

 A worksheet, also called a spreadsheet, is an

electronic sheet made up of rows and columns.
 It is used for planning a project or checking financial
position of an organization.
 EXCEL 2007 is a popular spreadsheet program where
you design worksheets using this software package.
FEATURES OF EXCEL 2007

 It has a grid of columns and rows in to which you can enter numeral,
text etc. Each box in the grid ( the intersection of numeral, text ,etc)
ROW:- Horizontal block of cells are called row.
COLUMN:- Vertical block of cells are called column.
IT has maximum: 104856 rows
16384 column
FEATURES OF EXCEL 2007

 FORMULA: are the equations that perform calculations on the

values in your worksheet.
 CELL: is the intersection of row and column.
 CHARTSHEET: is a separate sheet that contains only graph or
charts.
 WORKSHSEET: is a sheet made up of rows and columns.
 WORKBOOK: is a sheet made up of worksheets.
ADVANTAGES OS SPREADSHEET

 IN EXCEL 2007, many in built functions to do complex calculation.

 Large volumes of data can be handled easily.
 If entries are changed, then formulas automatically calculate the
new result.
DISADVANTAGES OF SPREADSHEET

 It requires a large memory to compute and perform complicated

actions and to do graphs
 It has a limited rows and columns in one worksheet.
 It requires skill based user small mistake in formula can give
absurd results.
APPLICATIONS OF SPREADSHEETS

 Budgeting and forecasting

 Portfolio analysis
 Scientific research
 Financial accounting
 Annual reports
RIBBON: displayed just below the title bar, in ribbon commands are
organized in logical groups which are collected
together under tabs.
Windows Keyboard shortcuts

1. Ctrl + C Copy
2. Ctrl + X = Cut
3. Ctrl + V = Paste
4. F11 or windows logo Key + UP Arrow = Maximize Window
5. Windows Logo Key + Tab = Open Task View
6. Windows Logo Key + D = Display and Hide the Desktop
7. Alt + Tab = Switch Between Open Apps
8. Windows Logo Key + X = Open the Quick Line Menu
COMPONENTS OF E-MAIL

 TO
 CC/BCC
 SUBJECT
 BODY
 ATTACHMENT
Internet and WWW

 Email
 Searching
 Download
 Upload
FATHER OF COMPUTER,MOTHER OF
COMPUTER

CHARLES BABBAGE
EDA LOVELACE
SHORTCUT KEYS IN WORD

 Ctrl + A -- Select all contents of the page.

 Ctrl + B -- Bold highlighted selection.
 Ctrl + C -- Copy selected text.
 Ctrl + X -- Cut selected text.
 Ctrl + N -- Open new/blank document.
 Ctrl + O -- Open options.
 Ctrl + P -- Open the print window.
 Ctrl + F -- Open find box.
 Ctrl + I -- Italicize highlighted selection.
 Ctrl + K -- Insert link.
SHORTCUT KEYS IN WORD
 Ctrl + U -- Underline highlighted selection.
 Ctrl + V -- Paste.
 Ctrl + Y -- Redo the last action performed.
 Ctrl + Z -- Undo last action.
 Ctrl + G -- Find and replace options.
 Ctrl + H -- Find and replace options.
 Ctrl + J -- Justify paragraph alignment.
 Ctrl + L -- Align selected text or line to the left.
 Ctrl + Q -- Align selected paragraph to the left.
 Ctrl + E -- Align selected text or line to the center.
 Ctrl + R -- Align selected text or line to the right.
SHORTCUT KEYS IN EXCEL

 Ctrl + M -- Indent the paragraph.

 Ctrl + T -- Hanging indent.
 Ctrl + D -- Font options
 Ctrl + Shift + F -- Change the font.
 Ctrl + Shift + > -- Increase selected font +1.
 Ctrl +] -- Increase selected font +1.
 Ctrl + [-- Decrease selected font -1.
 Ctrl + Shift + * -- View or hide non printing characters.
 Ctrl + (Left arrow) -- Move one word to the left.
 Ctrl + (Right arrow) -- Move one word to the right.
 Ctrl + (Up arrow) -- Move to the beginning of the line or paragraph.
SHORTCUT KEYS IN WORD

 Ctrl + (Down arrow) -- Move to the end of the paragraph.

 Ctrl + Del -- Delete word to the right of the cursor.
 Ctrl + Backspace -- Delete word to the left of the cursor.
 Ctrl + End -- Move cursor to end of the document.
 Ctrl + Home -- Move cursor to the beginning of the document.
 Ctrl + Space -- Reset highlighted text to default font.
 Ctrl + 1 -- Single-space lines.
 Ctrl + 2 -- Double-space lines.
 Ctrl + 5 -- 1.5-line spacing.
 Ctrl + Alt + 1 Change text to heading 1
SHORTCUT KEYS IN WORD
 Ctrl + Alt + 2 Change text to heading 2.
 Ctrl + Alt + 3 Change text to heading 3.
 F1 -- Open help.
 Shift + F3 -- Change case of selected text.
 Shift + Insert – Paste.
 F4 -- Repeat the last action performed (Word 2000+).
 F7 -- Spell check selected text and/or document.
 Shift + F7 -- Activate the thesaurus.
 F12 -- Save as.
 Ctrl + S -- Save.
 Shift + F12 -- Save.
 Alt + Shift + D -- Insert the current date.
 Alt + Shift + T -- Insert the current time.

SHORTCUT KEYS IN EXCEL

 F2 -- Edit the selected cell.

 F5 -- Go to a specific cell.
 F7 -- Spell check selected text and/or document.
 F11 -- Create chart
 Ctrl + Shift +; -- Enter the current time.
 Ctrl + ; -- Enter the current date
 Alt + Shift + F1 -- Insert new worksheet.
 Shift + F3 -- Open the Excel formula window.
 Shift + F5 -- Bring up the search box
 Ctrl + A -- Select all contents of a worksheet.
 Ctrl + B -- Bold highlighted selection.

SHORTCUT KEYS IN EXCEL
 Ctrl + C -- Copy selected text.
 Ctrl + V -- Paste
 Ctrl + D -- Fill
 Ctrl + K -- Insert link
 Ctrl + F -- Open find and replace options.
 Ctrl + G -- Open go-to options.
 Ctrl + H -- Open find and replace options.
 Ctrl + U -- Underline highlighted selection.
 Ctrl + Y -- Underline selected text.
 Ctrl + 5 -- Strikethrough highlighted selection.
 Ctrl + O -- Open options.
 Ctrl + N -- Open new document.
 Ctrl + P -- Open print dialog box.

BASIC POWERPOINT SHORTCUT KEYS

 Ctrl + N – Create a new presentation document.

 Ctrl + O – Open an existing presentation document.
 Ctrl + S: Save a presentation.
 Alt + F2 or F12 – Open the Save As dialog box.
 Ctrl + W or Ctrl + F4 – Close a presentation.
 Ctrl + Q – Save and close a presentation.
 Ctrl + Z – Undo an action.
CONTROL + LETTERS

Ctrl + A Selects all the objects on the active slide

Ctrl + B Toggles bold on the current selection

Ctrl + C Copies the current selection to the clipboard.

Ctrl + D Make a duplicate of the selected slide (New Slide > Duplicate Selected Slides).

Ctrl + E Centre aligns the current selection

Ctrl + F Displays the Find dialog box

Ctrl + G Displays the Grid and Guides dialog box

Ctrl + H Displays the Replace dialog box

CONTROL + LETTERS

Ctrl + I Toggles italics on the current selection

Ctrl + J Justifies the current selection

Ctrl + K Displays the Insert Hyperlink dialog box (in a textbox).

Ctrl + L Left aligns the current selection

Ctrl + M Inserts a new blank slide.

Ctrl + N Creates a new blank presentation.

Ctrl + O Displays the Open dialog box.

Ctrl + P Displays the Print dialog box.

CONTROL + LETTERS

Ctrl + R Right aligns the current selection.

Ctrl + S Saves, Displays the Save As dialog box if a new

presentation.

Ctrl + T Displays the Font dialog box.

Ctrl + U Toggles (continuous) underlining of the selection

Ctrl + V Pastes the entry from the clipboard.

Ctrl + W Closes the active presentation or window (saving first).

Ctrl + X Cuts the current selection to the clipboard.

Ctrl + Y Redo the last PowerPoint operation. This can be used to

redo multiple steps. This can also be used to repeat applied
formatting.

Ctrl + Z Undo the last PowerPoint operation. This can be used to

undo multiple steps.
OTHERS + LETTERS

Ctrl + Shift + C Copy the formatting

Ctrl + Shift + D Duplicate the current slide.

Ctrl + Shift + F Displays the Font dialog box.

Ctrl + Shift + M Inserts a new blank slide.

Ctrl + Shift + V Paste the formatting

Alt + A Displays the Animations Tab.

Alt + C Displays the Recording Tab.

Alt + F Displays the File Tab.

OTHERS+LETTERS

Alt + G Displays the Design Tab.

Alt + H Displays the Home Tab.

Alt + K Displays the Transitions Tab.

Alt + L Displays the Developer Tab.

Alt + N Displays the Insert Tab.

Alt + R Displays the Review Tab.

Alt + S Displays the Slide Show Tab.

Alt + W Displays the View Tab.

Alt + Shift + A Show all or collapse all text or headings (Outline view)
ENTERING DATA

Enter Enters a new paragraph

Shift + Enter Enters a line break (Soft break)

Ctrl + Tab Inserts a tab in a table cell

EXTENDING DATA

Shift + Home Extends the selection to the beginning of the line

Shift + End Extends the selection to the end of the line

Shift + Up Arrow Extends the selection one line up

Shift + Down Arrow Extends the selection one line down

Shift + Left Arrow Extends the selection one character to the left

Shift + Right Arrow Extends the selection one character to the right

Ctrl + Shift + Home Extends the selection to the beginning of the textbox

Ctrl + Shift + End Extends the selection to the end of the textbox
SELECTING DATA

Ctrl + Shift + Up Selects to the line above

Arrow

Ctrl + Shift + Down Selects to the line below

Arrow

Ctrl + Shift + Left Selects to the beginning of the word

Arrow

Ctrl + Shift + Right Selects to the end of the word

Arrow

Delete Deletes one character to the right

Backspace Deletes one character to the left

Ctrl + Delete Deletes one word to the right

Ctrl + Backspace Deletes one word to the left

FORMATTING DATA

Ctrl + ] Increases the font size to the next size in the drop-down list

Ctrl + [ Decreases the font size to the next size in the drop-down list

Ctrl + Shift + > Increases the font size to the next size in the drop-down list

Ctrl + Shift + < Decreases the font size to the next size in the drop-down list

Ctrl + = Toggles Subscript on the selection

Ctrl + Shift + = Toggles Superscript on the selection

MANUEVERING

Arrow Keys Moves one character or line in the given direction

Tab Moves to the first or next hyperlink / object / cell

Shift + Tab Moves to the last or previous hyperlink / object / cell

Home Moves to the beginning of the line

End Moves to the end of the line

Page Up Moves to the previous slide

Page Down Moves to the next slide

Shift + Page Up Moves to the previous slide

MANUEVRING

Shift + Page Down Moves to the next slide

Ctrl + Home Moves to the beginning of the text box

Ctrl + End Moves to the end of the text box

Ctrl + Up Arrow Moves up one paragraph

Ctrl + Down Arrow Moves down one paragraph

Ctrl + Left Arrow Moves one word to the left

Ctrl + Right Arrow Moves one word to the right

Ctrl + Enter Moves to the next title or body text placeholder

OTHER SHORTCUT KEYS

Alt + Tab Toggles between all your open applications

Alt + Shift + Tab Toggles backwards between all your open applications

Ctrl + Shift + Tab Toggles between the Outline tab and the Slides tab in Normal view.

Ctrl + Spacebar Remove manual character formatting returning the text back to its default

Esc Cancels the action or closes the dialog box

Alt + Shift + Left Promotes a paragraph (Outline view)

Arrow

Alt + Shift + Right Demotes a paragraph (Outline view)

Arrow

Alt + Shift + Up Arrow Moves the selected paragraphs up (Outline view)

Alt + Shift + Down Moves the selected paragraphs down (Outline view)
Arrow
OTHER SHORTCUT KEYS

Alt + Shift + + Expands the text below a heading (Outline view)

Alt + Shift + - Collapses the text below a heading (Outline view)

/ Turn character formatting on or off (numeric keypad)

Alt + Escape Switches to the next program

Ctrl + Escape Displays the Start Menu

Print Screen Copies a picture of the whole screen to the clipboard

Alt + Print Screen Copies a picture of just the active window to the clipboard
END OF SLIDES