THE
ORIGIN OF
THE
UNIVERSE
Steady State
Theory
A cosmological model of a universe
which is expanding but has the same
density at all times due to the
continuous creation of matter. The
steady-state theory is based on the
perfect cosmological principle, which
requires the universe to be the same
at all times, as well as in all place
Pulsating Theory
THE PULSATING UNIVERSE THEORY, IS A VARIATION
OF THE BIG BANG THEORY, IN WHICH THE UNIVERSE
GOES THROUGH SUCCESSIVE PERIODS OF
EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION. AT THE END OF THE
COMPRESSION STAGE, WHEN THE UNIVERSE IS
CONCENTRATED IN A SMALL VOLUME OF HIGH
DENSITY, THERE IS PROBABLY A” BREAK-UP” OF THE
UNIVERSE, CALLED AN BANG.
Divine
creationism,Creation
the belief that the universe
and the various forms of life were created
by God out of nothing (ex nihilo).
Although the idea of God as creator is as
old as religion itself, modern creationism
is largely a response to evolutionary
theory, which can explain the diversity of
life without recourse to the doctrine of
God or any other divine power.
Big Bang
The big bang is how
Theory
The universe is a very big
place, and it’s been
astronomers explain the
around for a very long
way the universe began. It
time. Thinking about how
is the idea that the
it all started is hard to
universe began as just a
imagine.
single point, then
expanded and stretched to
grow as large as it is right
now
Georges
Lemaître
Georges Lemaître, (1894-
1966), Belgian
cosmologist, Catholic
priest, and father of the
Big Bang theory.
"The universe is made of stories,
not of atoms."
The Big Bang Theory
Discoveries in astronomy and physics suggest
that the Universe had a definite beginning.
The Big Bang theory is the prevailing theory that
describes the origin and evolution of the
Universe.
It is considered to be our best theory of
cosmology because it explains most
experimental observations.
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What was the Big Bang?
About 13.7 billion years ago, the entire Universe
was compressed into a singularity – a place with
zero volume and infinite density.
Matter, energy, space and time all began inside
the singularity.
At the moment of the Big Bang, the Universe
started to expand, cool and become less dense.
The Universe is still expanding today.
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What the Big Bang wasn’t?
The Big Bang wasn't an
explosion that happened
somewhere in space.
The Universe didn't
appear somewhere in
space.
The Big Bang created
space and time.
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What is an expanding
Universe?
Galaxies move apart because space itself is
expanding.
They are not moving apart because of some past
explosion.
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Expansion of the Universe
Galaxies move apart as the Universe expands.
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The Beginning of the Universe
Big Bang theory doesn't attempt to explain why the
Universe was created, or what (if anything) might have
existed before it.
Our ideas about the very early Universe are, at best,
speculative.
The first 10-43 seconds of the Universe is called the Planck
era. Conditions were so extreme that we suspect quantum
behaviour was dominant, including quantum gravity.
We don't yet have a theory of quantum gravity, but we do
have theories that explain what happened from this time on.
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The Formation of Stars
Over the next 100 million years or so, the Universe
continued to expand and cool.
Gravitational variations caused matter to clump together
and become hotter and denser.
100–200 million years after the Big Bang, matter began to
coalesce and form stars.
Fusion of light elements in stars released energy and
formed elements from carbon to iron.
100K
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The Formation of Galaxies
A billion years after the Big Bang, stars grouped to
form galaxies.
Galaxies formed clusters.
17 NGC 4414, a typical spiral galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices.
NASA/ESA, [Link]
Formation of the Solar System
8.4 billion years after the Big Bang (4.6 billion years
ago), the Solar System began to form from the collapse
of a giant gas cloud.
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Humans Appear on Earth
13.7 billion years after the Big Bang, human life
began on Earth.
19 3K
"The most incomprehensible
thing about the Universe is
that it is comprehensible."
Albert Einstein, 1935
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The
Solar System
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The Solar System consists of the Sun, planets,
moons, asteroids, meteors, comets, dust, gases
and primarily empty space.
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The Solar System consists of the Sun, planets,
moons, asteroids, meteors, comets, dust, gases
and primarily empty space.
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THE SUN
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The sun is enormous compared to the Earth. It is 1.3 million
times the size of our planet! The sun creates a lot
of gravity because it is so big. Gravity is a force that brings
things together. The sun is the largest thing in our solar
system, so its gravity brings all the planets together. The
sun’s gravity holds all eight planets in their orbits as
they circle around it.
Energy and light from the sun travel to us. This is a very long
journey. The sun is the closest star to the Earth, but it’s
still 93 million miles away! Luckily, light is very speedy.
Even though light moves very fast, it takes light from the
sun around eight minutes to reach us here on Earth.
Which of the following is the biggest?
a. the sun
b. the earth
c. the moon
d. the planet Jupiter 25
Everything in the solar system
is under the direct influence of
the Sun’s gravitational pull.
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The sun is orbited by eight planets, at
least five dwarf planets, tens of
thousands of asteroids, and hundreds of
thousands to three trillion comets and icy
bodies.
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The Sun is made of hydrogen and
helium.
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The sun is a star. A star does not
have a solid surface, but is a ball
of gas held together by its own
gravity.
30
The sun is the center of our
solar system and makes up
99.8% of the mass of the entire
solar system.
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Solar flares from the Sun are sudden
bursts of brightness that happen in
places near the sunspots.
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THE
PLANETS
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There are 8 planets in our solar
system. These 8 planets orbit
the sun in an elliptical orbit.
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How can you remember the order?
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My Mercury
Very Venus
Educated Earth
Mother Mars
Just Jupiter
Served Saturn
Us Uranus
Nachos Neptune
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YOUR TURN: Create your own phrase
to remember the order of the planets.
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What do you think
keeps the planets
revolving around
the sun?
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Planets are the largest objects in the
solar system and due to the Sun’s
gravitational pull, they revolve
around the sun. 39
The planets are classified as:
Inner Planets and Outer Planets
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The inner planets include:
Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.
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The inner planets are also called:
terrestrial planets because they
are very dense and rocky.
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The inner planets are smaller,
denser and rockier than the outer
planets. 43
MERCURY
o Closest to the Sun
o Rocky crust with craters
o Cold on half of the planet
o Hot on half facing the sun
o Gray in color
VENUS
o Second planet from the sun
o Nicknamed “the evening star”
o Poisonous fog
o The HOTTEST planet
o Orange in Color
EARTH
o Third planet from the sun
o Only planet with large
amounts of liquid water
o Only planet with living things
o Has white clouds
o We live here!!
MARS
o The RED Planet
o Has 2 Moons
o Volcanoes and Canyons
o Rocks and Sand
o Thin and Poisonous Atm0sphere
o Pink-Gold in color
JUPITER
o Largest Planet
o Giant ball of swirling gas
o Has 16 Moons
o Has two very thin rings
o Has a large red spot, which is a
giant storm
SATURN
o Has Rings that are made up of
frozen gas, ice, and rock
o Second Largest Planet
o 18 Moons
o Yellow in Color
URANUS
o Third Largest Planet
o Looks like it is on its side
o Has around 21 Moons
o Has Some rings
o Blue-green in color
NEPTUNE
o Fourth Largest Planet
o Seven thin rings
o 8 moons
o Two dark spots
o Blue in color
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