Shaper
Principal Parts of Shaper
• Base: The base is a heavy cast iron casting which is fixed to the shop floor. It
supports the body frame and the entire load of the machine. The base
absorbs and withstands vibrations and other forces which are likely to be
induced during the shaping operations.
• Body (Pillar, Frame, Column): It is mounted on the base and houses the
drive mechanism compressing the main drives, the gear box and the quick
return mechanism for the ram movement. The top of the body provides
guide ways for the ram and its front provides the guide ways for the cross
rail.
• Cross rail: The cross rail is mounted on the front of the body frame and can
be moved up and down. The vertical movement of the cross rail permits
jobs of different heights to be accommodated below the tool.
• Saddle: Sliding along the cross rail is a saddle which carries the work table.
Crosswise movement of the saddle causes the work table to move side
ways.
• Ram: The ram is driven back and forth in its slides by the slotted link
mechanism. The back and forth movement of ram is called stroke and it can
be adjusted according to the length of the workpiece to be-machined.
• Tool head: The tool head in a dovetail at the front of the
ram by means of T-bolts. It can swivel from 0 to 90 in a
vertical plane.
• Tool head can be raised or lowered by hand feed for
vertical cuts on the work pieces.
• Tool head holds tool. The tool head imparts the tool,
necessery vertical and angular feed movement.
• The tool slide controls the feed in the cutting tool into
the workpieces by a lead screw.
• The clapper box allows the cutting tool to lift on the
return or idle stroke so that the tool is not dragged back
through the uncut workpice and get damaged.
• Tool post carries the cutting tool.
4. According to the type of cutting Stroke:
(a) Push Type (b) Draw Type
• Crank shaper: Shapers whose ram reciprocates
with the help of a crank mechanism
• Geared shaper: The ram reciprocates with spur
gear mechanism. this type of shaper carries a
rack under the ram for to and fro motion.
• Hydraulic shaper: the movement of the ram is
provided by hydraulic pressure
• Push Type Shaper: Metal is removed when the
ram moves away from the column.
• Draw type Shaper: Metal is removed when the
ram moves towards the column.
• Horizontal shaper: The ram reciprocates in
horizontal direction.
• Vertical shaper: The ram reciprocates in vertical
direction.
• It is also known as slotter.
• Travelling head shaper: a shaper whose
reciprocating tool head is mounted on a bed in
such a way that the head may be fed laterally on
ways provided on the bed prior to each cutting .
Specification of Shaper
• [Link] of Stroke of Ram
• Type of Drive
• Power input
• Floor Space required
• Weight of the Machine
• Cutting to Return Stroke ratio
• Feed
SHAPING OPERATIONS
1
Machining of horizontal surface
The work surface is held securely on the table
and tool is fixed in the tool head with minimum
overhang, as shown in figure. The table with
fixed work piece is raised close to the tool; the
length and position of the stroke are adjusted.
The stroke length is about 20mm longer than
the work and stroke is adjusted such that the
tool starts about 10-15 mm before work piece
and continues about 10 mm after the end of cut.
2
Work piece is mounted on the table and the
surface to be machined is set parallel to stroke
axis. A side cutting tool is fitted in the tool
head as shown in figure. The length of stroke is
adjusted as described in section 5.1. The cutting
feed is given by rotating the down feed screw
by hand (0.25 -0.50 mm)
MP II UNIT 3 SHAPER AND PLANER MECH
20
DEPT KSSEM 2013
Thank You
