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Conjunctivitis Presentation

Conjunctivitis, or Pink Eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by infections, allergens, or irritants, impacting vision and quality of life. It has various etiologies including bacterial, viral, allergic, and chemical causes, with a high prevalence in Africa and urban areas of Kenya. Prevention involves good hygiene practices, proper contact lens care, and isolation of infectious cases, while treatment may include antibiotics or antihistamines depending on the cause.

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Vincent Amollo
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33 views11 pages

Conjunctivitis Presentation

Conjunctivitis, or Pink Eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by infections, allergens, or irritants, impacting vision and quality of life. It has various etiologies including bacterial, viral, allergic, and chemical causes, with a high prevalence in Africa and urban areas of Kenya. Prevention involves good hygiene practices, proper contact lens care, and isolation of infectious cases, while treatment may include antibiotics or antihistamines depending on the cause.

Uploaded by

Vincent Amollo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)

By: Vincent Odaa Amollo


MPH (Epidemiology & Disease
Control)
Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of
Science and Technology
Introduction
• Conjunctivitis is the inflammation of the
conjunctiva, the thin transparent membrane
covering the white part of the eye and eyelids.
It can result from infections, allergens, or
irritants and may significantly impact vision
and quality of life.
Etiology
• - Bacterial: Staphylococcus aureus,
Streptococcus pneumoniae
• - Viral: Adenovirus, Herpes Simplex Virus
• - Allergic: Pollen, dust mites
• - Chemical/Irritant: Smoke, chlorine
• - Autoimmune/Systemic: Sjögren’s syndrome,
rheumatoid arthritis
Epidemiology: Global, Africa &
Kenya
• - Globally: 65–90% of infectious cases are viral
• - Africa: High bacterial cases due to hygiene
and limited access to care
• - Kenya: Prevalent in schools and crowded
urban areas; rising allergic forms in cities like
Nairobi
Risk Factors
• - Direct contact with infected individuals
• - Sharing personal items (towels, makeup)
• - Poor hand hygiene
• - Atopy and allergic predisposition
• - Use of contact lenses with poor hygiene
Incubation Period
• - Viral: 5–12 days
• - Bacterial: 1–3 days
• - Allergic: Immediate upon exposure
Mode of Transmission / Chain of
Infection
• Agent: Bacteria/Virus/Fungus
• Reservoir: Infected persons or fomites
• Portal of Exit: Ocular secretions
• Transmission: Direct/indirect contact,
respiratory droplets
• Portal of Entry: Conjunctiva
• Host: Anyone exposed, especially those with
poor immunity
Signs and Symptoms
• - Viral: Redness, watery discharge, foreign
body sensation
• - Bacterial: Purulent discharge, eyelid crusting
• - Allergic: Itching, tearing, bilateral redness,
chemosis
Complications
• - Corneal ulcers (especially with bacterial
causes)
• - Keratitis (viral, HSV)
• - Chronic scarring (allergic conjunctivitis)
• - Visual impairment if untreated
Prevention and Control
• - Hand hygiene and not sharing personal items
• - Proper contact lens care
• - Avoid allergens (in allergic types)
• - Isolation of infectious cases
• - Use of antibiotics, antivirals, or
antihistamines depending on cause
Conclusion & References
• Afebrile conjunctivitis is preventable and
treatable. Public health measures must
address all causes.

• References:
• - Azari & Barney (2013), JAMA
• - Moroi & Jeng (2023), Elsevier
• - Ono & Abelson (2005), JACI

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