CSTE 2101: Object Oriented Programming
(OOP).
New beginning
just skim therough them
Most used programming languages among developers
worldwide as of 2024
Object Oriented Programming with C++.
• Not pure OOP, we may write a program without
OOP syntax.
Object Oriented Programming with Java.
• Pure OOP, we cannot write a program without OOP
syntax.
Object Oriented Programming with C++.
• First, we study OOP with C++.
Reference Books:
1. Teach Yourself C++ by Herbert Schildt
2. Object Oriented Programming with C++ by E
Balaguruswamy
What is Object Oriented Programming?
• Object Oriented Programming (OOP) allows
decomposition of a problem into a number of
entities called objects and then builds data and
functions around these objects.
What is Object Oriented Programming?
• C is a structured programming language.
• Structured programming language relies on well-
defined control structures, code blocks and stand-
alone subroutine that support recursion and local
variable.
• The essence of structured programming language is
the reduction of a program into its constituents
parts.
• Using Structured programming language, the
average programmer can create and maintain
programs that are up to 50,000 lines long.
Key features of OOP
• Emphasize on data rather than procedure.
• Programs are divided into what are known as
object.
• Data is hidden and cannot be accessed by external
functions.
• Objects may communicate with each other through
functions.
• New data and functions can be easily added
whenever necessary.
All OOP languages, including C++, share
three common defining characteristics:
• Encapsulation
• Polymorphism
• Inheritance
Data Abstraction and Encapsulation
• Encapsulation is the mechanism that binds together
code and the data it manipulates, and keeps both
safe from outside interference and misuse.
• In an object-oriented language, code and data can
be combined in such a way that a self-contained
“black box” is created.
• When code and data are linked together in this
fashion, an object is created.
• Within an object, code, data or both may be private
to that object or public.
Data Abstraction and Encapsulation
• Abstraction refers to the set of representing
essential features without including the background
details or explanations.
• Classes use the concept of the abstraction and are
defined as a list of abstract attributes such as size,
weight and cost, and functions to operate on these
attributes.
• The attributes are sometimes called the data
members because they hold information.
• The function that operate on these data are
sometimes called methods or member functions.
Data Abstraction and Encapsulation
• As the classes use the concept of data abstraction,
they are known as Abstract Data Types (ADT).
Polymorphism
• Polymorphism is the quality that allow one name to
be used for two or more related but technically
different purpose.
• Using single function name to perform different
types of tasks is known as function overloading.
Inheritance
• Inheritance is the process by which one object can
acquire the properties of another.
Two Version of C++
• The difference between old-style and modern code
involve two new features:
-- new style headers and
-- the namespace statement
Two Version of C++
• The difference between old-style and modern code
involve two new features:
-- new style headers and
-- the namespace statement
The New C++ Header
• here stdio.h is the name of the file used by the I/O
functions, and the preceding statement cause that
file to be included in your program.
• The key point is that the #include statement include
a file.
The New C++ Header
• The new-style headers do not specify filenames.
• Instead, they simply specify standard identifiers.
• The new-style C++ headers are abstractions that
simply guarantee that appropriate prototypes and
definitions required have been declared.
• Here some of the new-style headers:
<iostream>
<fstream>
Namespace
• A namespace is simply a declarative region.
• The purpose of a namespace is to localize the
names of identifiers to avoid name collisions.
To bring the std namespace into visibility
C++ Console I/O
This statement causes the string to be displayed on the
computer’s screen.
cout is a predefined stream that is automatically
linked to the console when a C++ program begins
execution.
By using the << output operator, it is possible to
output any of C++’s basic types.
C++ Console I/O
In general, to output to the console, use this form of
the <<operator;
To input the value from the keyboard, use the >>
input operator.
In general,
Example
Example
It is possible to output more than one value in a single
I/O expression.
Example
This program prompts the user for an integer value.
Example
This program prompts the user for an integer value, a
floating-point value and a string.
C++ comments
Some differences between C and C++
Another difference is that in C++, if a function is
declared as returning a value, it must return a value.
In C, a non-void function is not required to actually
return a value. If it doesn’t, a garbage value is
“returned”.
Introducing Class
Introducing Class
