PRAC 5
ENTOMOLOGY
ENTOMOLOGIE
Sub
Domain Kingdom Phylum
Phylum
Chordata
Cnidaria
Protista
Trilobata
Porifera
Eubacteria
Animalia Platyhelminthes
Atelocerata
Eukarya Arthropoda
Fungi Nematoda
Chelicerata
Archaea Mollusca
Plantae Crustacea
Annelida
Echinodermata
Sub Phylum Class Order
Insecta 31 Different Orders,
Atelocerata
Diplopoda Body with 3 segments,
Chelicerata One pair
Chilopoda
antennae, One pair
mandibles, One pair
Crustacea
maxillae, A
Pauropoda hypopharynx, A
Trilobata labium, A labrum,
Symphyla
No locomotor
organs on abdomen
ORDERS
Sub Phylum Class Subclass Divisions
Insecta Apterygota
Atelocerata Exopterygota
Diplopoda Pterygota
Chelicerata Endopterygota
Chilopoda Apterygota =
Exopterygota =
primitive
Crustacea wings which develop
wingless insects
on the outside of the
Pauropoda body (exoskeleton)
Pterygota =
Trilobata winged and
Endopterygota =
Symphyla secondarily
wings which develop
wingless insects
on the inside of the
body (exoskeleton)
Metamorphosis
The process of transformation from an immature form
to an adult form in two or more distinct stages
Metamorphosis
• Apterygota (wingless)
– no metamorphosis (ametabolous)
– Larval stages look exactly like adults.
Zygentoma/Thysanura (Silverfish, Firebrats)
• Habitat: Damp areas (i.e. leaf
litter, debris, soil, some
buildings/houses). Underneath
boxes and within paper
products
• Wings – absent
• Small insects; body usually
elongate and tapering; cerci and
median caudal filament are
elongated; no compound eyes
Collembola (Springtails)
• Habitat: Damp areas (i.e.
leaf litter, debris, soil,
decaying material, etc.)
• Wings – absent
• Minute insects; body
shape globular or tubular;
tenaculum present; some
spp. possess a furcula
Metamorphosis
• Pterygota
• Exopterygota – simple / incomplete
metamorphosis
Odonata (Dragonflies, Damselflies)
• Habitat: Around bodies of water
• Wings – present; 2 pair;
membraneous; antenodal cross
veins are important
• Medium to large; 2 suborders
(Zygoptera and Anisoptera)
– Zygoptera – Dragonflies (large
bodied); compound eyes touch
– Anisoptera – Damselflies (smaller
bodied); compound eyes do not
touch
Nymphs (larvae)
How is the water today?
• May be used to determine impacts of industries.
• Potential bio-indicators of a healthy ecosystem.
Orthoptera (Crickets, Grasshoppers,
Katydids)
• Habitat: Common on
vegetation
• Wings – present; 2 pair,
leathery; forewings
thickened and with many
viens; hindwings fold
length-wise under
forewings
• Minute to large; cerci well
developed; saltatorial legs
Dermaptera (Earwigs)
• Habitat: Varied, terrestrial;
leaf litter; debris
• Wings – present; 2 pair;
forewings short and
thickened; hindwings
membraneous and fold fan-
like under elytra
• Body elongate and flattened;
cerci well developed and
forceps-like
Wow – such a good mom!
• Performs maternal brood care
• Substances has antimicrobial/antifungal properties
• Importance! Could lead to new medical treatments
Phasmida/Phasmatodea (Walking Sticks)
• Habitat: Common on
vegetation
• Wings – present/absent
• Resemble twigs
Mantodea (Mantids)
• Habitat: Common on
vegetation
• Wings – 2 pair;
forewings leathery
• Usually large; raptorial
forelegs with spines;
head triangular
Highly Skilled Predators
• Highly predaceous group skilled in cryptic hunting.
• Females of some species eat the heads of males
during mating, and males will continue to mate!
Blattodea (Roaches, Termites)
• Habitat: Diverse, terrestrial
• Wings – present; 2 pair of
membraneous wings with many
veins. Not all individuals or
species have wings
• Roaches: Head hidden above;
body oval-shaped, somewhat
flattened; antennae long
• Termites: Soft-bodied; small;
bead-like antennae
Medical and Economically Important
Hemiptera (True Bugs + Hoppers)
True bug
• Habitat: Very diverse
• Wings – present
– True Bug – hemelytra
– Hopper – membranous
Hopper
held tent like
• Variable in size and shape
Characteristics
• Hemelytra
Characteristics
• Piercing Sucking Mouthparts
Characteristic • Phytophagous and parasitic
s • Terrestrial and aquatic living
Agricultural and Medical
Metamorphosis
• Pterygota
• Endopterygota - complete
metamorphosis
Neuroptera (Antlions, Owlflies, Mantidflies, Lacewings)
• Habitat: Vegetation
• Wings – present; 2 pair;
forewings and hindwings
membraneous with
many veins
• Variable in size and
shape; cerci absent;
mandibular mouthparts
ODONATA NEUROPTERA
Megaloptera (Dobsonflies, Fishflies,
Adlerflies)
• Habitat: Near streams,
aquatic larvae
• Wings – present; hind
wings larger than front
• Antennae long and
filiform, similar to
Neuroptera; mandibular
mouthparts
Coleoptera (Beetles)
• Habitat: Widely
distributed
• Wings – present; 2 pair;
Elytrous
• Variable in size
Characteristics
• Biting chewing mouthparts
Ecosystem Engineers
Mecoptera (Scorpionflies)
• Habitat: Low, broad-leaved
plants at edges of woods; open
shade beneath deciduous trees
• Wings – present; membraneous
• Head prolonged into rostrum
(beak or snout)
– Males of some spp. resemble
scorpion’s stinger (they do not
sting)
Diptera (Flies, Mosquitoes, Midges)
• Habitat: Variable
• Wings – present; ONE
pair of wings; halters
• Variable in shape and
size; large compound
eyes
Characteristics
• Hind wings modified into balancing
organs – Halteres
Importance to humans
• Highly important to humans
– ability to spread disease
– predatory and parasitic lifestyle
• Some are important pollinators
Bot Fly
Unique Mouthparts!
• Diptera have various types of mouthparts for
feeding (piercing-sucking, rasping, sponging)
Siphonaptera (Fleas)
• Habitat: Parasitic
• Wings – Absent
• Small insects; body
compressed laterally
The Plague!
Lepidoptera (Butterflies, Moths,
Skippers)
• Habitat: Adults fly about
vegetation; Adults and larvae
found on vegetation
• Wings – present; 2 pair; SCALES
• Uses a proboscis; antennae
long and slender
– Moths – Plumose (sometimes)
– Butterflies – Knobbed
– Skippers – Strongly hooked
Pollination and Vampirism
Hymenoptera (Ants, Bees, Wasps,
Sawflies, Horntails)
• Habitat: Varied
• Wings – present; 2 pair;
membranous; hindwings
reduced and connected
to forewings via hamuli
• Size varies greatly;
ovipositor modified into
a stinging apparatus
Characteristics
• Petiole present
Positives and Negatives
