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Approved by AICTE, Ner Delhi, Recognized by Gox. of MahaashLa,
Affi
liated to Savitibai Phule Pune Univenity and recogniz@ 2(§ and 12(B)
by UOC
([Link]. PU / PN/ Engg. / 093 (1992)
(ACcredlkd by NAAC wlth gade A+)
Department of First Year
Engineering All India Shri Shivaji
Memorial Society’s College of
Engineering, Pune-1.
[2024-25]
Design Thinking And
Idea Lab
Report on

“Earthquake Resistance
Building”
 Introduction to
Earthquake
Resistance
Earthquake resistance in buildings is Building
crucial for ensuring safety and
structural integrity.
Earthquake happens mechanically and a
few
instances happens with unpredictable and
resulting from a speedy launch of strength
withinside the earth ensuing earthquake
waves. some important steps should be
followed through the development
technique to make sure that building is
constructed seismic wave resistance.
seismic wave proof systems are the ones
which can be constructed to resist the
outcomes of a seismic wave. systems which
can be both earthquake-evidence or have a
minimum wave effect that is called
earthquake resistance construction. shape
METHODOLOG
It :-
Y has been noticed that earthquakes inflict significant damage either owing to
traditional ways or methods that do not adhere to the design ideas of earthquake
resistant building. As a result, the possibility of an earthquake must be factored into
the design. Three main categories may be used to describe earthquake-resistant
design principles: apartments,embankments,apertures(gate,casement,and
storeys),station,and base considerations should be taken. The arrangement and
overall design must be considered in order to providelateral resistance.
Consideration Of Heavily loaded and important parts,with reinforcing provided as
needed. It is vitalto
describetheapproachesforresistingearthquakesinconstructionsinthemethodologysection.
A). Active & Passive system: Active manage structures are system which
have actual time clarification analyzer embedded into them, higher provider and
security. static manage structures are not unusual place technology used to face
up to or take in theelectricity generated through [Link] The
Subsequent Scenario:Damper for Viscous Fluids
B).Shear walls: Buildings with bolstered concrete shear partitions are powerful
structure approach for seismic wave and help
tofaceuptogravityandlateralstresses.
Key Principles of
Earthquake Resistance

Understanding the fundamental

principles of earthquake-resistant
design is essential:
● Flexibility: Structures must be able
to sway without collapsing.
● Mass: The distribution of mass
affects how buildings respond to
seismic forces.
● Lateral Stiffness: Buildings need
sufficient stiffness to resist lateral
forces during an earthquake.
● Application in Real-World Scenarios:
How can these principles be applied
in the design of buildings in
earthquake-prone areas?
● Encourage students to think critically
about these principles.
[Link] building must be designed to maintain its
balance internally and externally, based on the
horizontal urban planning.

[Link] the site’s soil and ensure its suitability for

constructing buildings within it or not, based on the
geotechnical soil study report, which determines the
bearing capacity of the soil and whether the soil is solid
or not, and provides solutions to any problem present in
the soil, and fragile and sandy soils are excluded.

[Link] building is designed based on the strength of

the building’s joints and their ability to resist and
absorb seismic force and pressure, thus mitigating
Redundancy in Earthquake-
Resistant
Desi
gn
Redundancy is a critical design strategy for earthquakeresistant
structures, ensuring that buildings remain stable and functional even
when individual components fail during seismic [Link] strategy
enhances the reliability of the structure and reduces the risk of localized
failures leading to catastrophic collapse(Ahmed et al., 2024; Islam & Apu,
2024; Nahar et al., 2024). Redundant systems are particularly valuable in
complex, multi-story buildings, where the failure of one structural element
could otherwise trigger a chain reaction leading to significant damage.
Ductility is another essential principle in earthquakeresistant design,
referring
to a structure's ability to undergo large deformations without losing its
loadbearing capacity. Ductile materials, such as steel and certain advanced
composites, exhibit post-yield behavior, allowing them to absorb and
dissipate seismic energy through controlled deformation (Mugabo et al.,
2021). This characteristic is crucial for ensuring that buildings can endure
the stresses imposed by seismic forces without collapsing
Seismic design
success
The design team should adopt a multi-hazard
approach to the design taking into account the
potential impact of seismic forces as well as other
major environmental disasters to which a particular
area may be vulnerable, such as strong winds during
monsoons and cyclones. Current building codes and
requirements based on performance and design
must be strictly followed according to specific zones
on the seismic distribution of the country. Because
seismic forces are dynamic and each building
responds according to its unique design complexity,
it is important that design teams work collaboratively
and have a common understanding of the methods
used in the seismic design process.
Common Techniques
and Materials

Various techniques and materials

enhance earthquake resistance:
● Base Isolation: Separates the
building from ground motion.
● Energy Dissipation Devices: Absorb
and
dissipate energy during seismic
events.
● Innovative Materials: Use of
advanced materials like reinforced
concrete and steel.
● Student Input: What innovations do
you
think could further improve
earthquake resistance?
● Inviting student ideas fosters
creativity and
Innovations in Materials for
EarthquakeResistant Building Design

Recent advancements in earthquake-resistant building

design have been largely driven by innovations in materials
science, offering new possibilities for creating more resilient
structures. High-performance composites,
fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs), and shape memory alloys
have emerged as key materials that enhance a building’s ability
to withstand seismic forces.
These materials offer superior strength, flexibility, and
durability, enabling the construction of lighter yet more robust
structures that can absorb and dissipate seismic energy more
effectively than traditional materials like concrete and steel
(Laursen & Ingham, 2004). For instance, shape memory alloys can
recover their original shape after deformation, which is
particularly useful in reducing residual structural damage after an
earthquake (Yun & Chao, 2021).
Additionally, fiber-reinforced polymers are widely used in
retrofitting existing structures, offering a costeffective solution to
improve seismic resilience without requiring a complete overhaul
of the building (Grigorian & Grigorian, 2018). The use of these
Case Studies of Successful Designs

Tokyo Skytree, Taipei 101,

Japan Taiwan

Tokyo Skytree is designed to Taipei 101 utilizes a tuned mass

withstand earthquakes with a damper to counteract seismic forces,
flexible structure, showcasing demonstrating effective design
innovative engineering. choices.
Interactive
Q&A Session
Now, let's open the floor for questions
and discussions: What are your
thoughts on earthquake-resistant
design? Have any of you experienced
an earthquake? How did it affect
structures around you? Encouraging an
open dialogue reinforces learning and
allows for sharing of personal
experiences.
[Link] to design earthquake-resistant
buildings?
Answer:- The basic idea in designing for earthquake resistance
is to ensure that the walls are connected to the ceilings
according to a fixed and solid square, which increases the
building’s resistance to the forces and side effects resulting
from earthquakes. The specifications and conditions for
earthquake resistance stipulate that the height of the building
must be taken into account, provided that it does not exceed
50 meters, and in the event that this value is exceeded Special
measures must be taken by placing expansion and subsidence
insulators, and seismic separators, and the loads that will be
borne by the floor slabs must also be calculated with great
precision, which in turn transfer their load to the concrete
columns, which resist earthquakes.
How does the wall
Walls built with
mechanism heavy materials usually lean, making the
fail?
building more rigid and less resilient to seismic forces. When
an earthquake occurs, the building can sway horizontally or
vertically, and if the building is too rigid, the tendency for
cracks to appear will be higher, eventually leading to
collapse. On the other hand, lightweight wall materials such
as Porotherm smart bricks, by virtue of their
perforations/cavities, typically weigh 60% less than
traditional materials, and can make the building more
resilient to ground movements. Buildings will sway or
collapse but the probability of collapse is The minimum is
relatively high, with God’s help. Earthquake-resistant
buildings that are later damaged can often be repaired.
Adding steel reinforcements and ductile iron electrodes can
increase the ductility of brittle materials.
For example, reinforced concrete can be made ductile by proper
use of reinforcing steel and closely spaced steel bonds. This is
why buildings must be constructed with highly ductile
materials. This means that the material must have the ability to
undergo significant processes of plastic deformation. For
example, solid brick and concrete are not good materials to use
when trying to create an earthquake-resistant building due to
their low ductility.
The impressive Burj Khalifa building in Dubai has a unique
structure consisting of an intelligent tubular system integrated
with structural steel. This amazing building is characterized by
the presence of a massive mass damper inside its summit, which
works to dampen the movement resulting from earthquakes.
Challenges in earthquake-resistance
construction :-
1) High construction cost
2) Limited access to advanced materials in
rural areas
3) Retrofitting old structures
4) Lack of skilled labor in seismic design
5) Regulatory and compliance issues
6) Balancing aesthetics with safety
7) Inadequate public awareness and
education
8) Limited availability of seismic data for
"Importance of Building Codes in
Earthquake-Resistant Construction"
Building codes play a crucial role in minimizing damage and saving lives during
earthquakes. These codes establish minimum standards for the design,
construction, and maintenance of buildings to ensure structural integrity under
seismic stress.
1) Safety Standards: Codes specify the use of materials and techniques that enhance the
building’s ability to withstand seismic forces.

2)Seismic Zoning: Buildings are designed based on the seismic zone they are located in,
ensuring tailored resistance measures.

3)Legal Compliance: Adhering to building codes is often mandatory by law, reducing liability
and ensuring public safety

4)Structural Integrity: Codes address critical aspects such as foundation strength, load
distribution, and reinforcement to prevent collapse.
Conclusion and
Key Takeaways

In summary, we discussed:

● The importance of earthquake

resistance in building design.
● Key principles such as flexibility, mass,
and lateral stiffness.
● Techniques like base isolation and
energy dissipation.
● Successful case studies and their
design choices.
● Reflective Questions: How do these
strategies impact future construction
practices? What role do you think
engineers and architects play in
enhancing safety?

Encouraging reflection helps solidify the

knowledge gained during the lecture. Thank
you for your participation!