COMMUNITY

IN DIFFERENT
PERSPECTIVES
K-12 CG Code: HUMSS_CSC12-IIa-c-2
Vocabulary

•Perspective - a mental
view or prospect; the
capacity to view things in
their true relations or
relative importance
• Social Science - the
branch of science
devoted to the study of
societies and the
relationships among
individuals within those
•Institution - a
society or
organization founded
for a religious,
educational, social, or
similar purpose.
•Social Institution - a
group of people assigned
to perform a definite task
and function in a social
system .
•Civil Society - It is an
aggregate of active
groups and associations
such as business,
interest groups and
clubs.
•Civil Society - It has
been referred to as the
third sector distinctive
from the state
(government) and the
market (businesses).
• Civil Society - refers to
the political community of
organized group operating
within the authoritative
parameters of the state.
 DISCUSSION: Community in
Different Perspectives
• A community as a concept is not solid
and has different parts and is therefore
seen from various viewpoints. The
varying viewpoints come as a result of
the distinctive perspectives of the
different academic disciplines and
sectors.
 DISCUSSION: Community in
Different Perspectives
• It is then important to be acquainted
with the different perspectives of a
community in order to appreciate
why certain things are seen and
done differently when it comes to
community interventions.
 1. Social Science Perspective
• From the point of view of Social Science, a
community is a group of people whose
connections and relations are formed by their
shared history, experiences, geographies and
identities. Generally, there is a common pattern
of behavior. The course of embracing the
behavior patterns of a community is called
socialization. To put it simply, man through
socialization develops a community.
• Gesellschaft is a group where
individuals participate as members
driven solely by self-interest. It has
been argued that the real
community manifests a combination
of these two patterns of behavior.
 2. Institutional Perspective
• Institutions are the core establishments that
bind people toward a specific advocacy or
goal.
• They are grand social structures that are
made up by individuals which, when viewed
as a whole, exhibit patterns of behavior that
create conventions and norms in our society.
2. Institutional Perspective
There are five core institutions that are pillars of
our society:
a. Government Institutions
As an institution, it grants its citizens
liberties and rights. In essence, the government
has the power to lead and govern its citizens
within a confined territory and can create
sweeping policies and laws.
2. Institutional Perspective
b. Economic Institutions
Economists see institutions as the
mechanism in which goods, services, and money
are distributed. In economics, goods are scarce
and considered to be finite. Therefore, we have
to look into specific actors’ needs and wants
relative to the availability of a specific good or
service being sought for.
2. Institutional Perspective
c. Religious Institutions
Religion is one of the pillars from which our
civilization is built. Today’s society emphasizes
the importance of religion as a communal
experience; meaning, activities are still tied to
the concepts and teachings of their faith.
Religious institutions are here to be a
constant reminder that values and mores are
grounded on spiritually.
2. Institutional Perspective
d. Educational Institutions
The task of the school system is to
arm us with the needed skills and
knowledge in relation to the demand of
the environment. The knowledge, skills,
and values we acquire are tools to
chart our future.
2. Institutional Perspective
e. Family Institutions
Families are considered as the
building blocks of our society. At the
center of every society is the family,
and it is where the community and our
society draw strength from.
2. Institutional Perspective
e. Family Institutions
Families are considered as the
building blocks of our society. At the
center of every society is the family,
and it is where the community and our
society draw strength from.
3. Civil Society Perspective
• Civil Society (CS) is generally
defined as a wide array of
nongovernmental organizations and
volunteer groups that are fighting
for solutions to social issues that
continue to worsen the condition of
the disadvantaged sectors of
society, especially the poor.
 3. Civil Society Perspective
Kinds of Civil Society Organizations

a. Non-Government Organizations –
the Philippine National Economic
Development Authority (NEDA) describes
NGOs as private, non-profit, volunteer
organizations that are committed to the
task of what is broadly termed
development.
3. Civil Society Perspective
Kinds of Civil Society Organizations

b.People’s Organizations – POs are

independent, autonomous entities, officially
registered and acknowledged as
organizations according to rules and
standards set by the state.
Significant features of PO is that it
claims to represent impoverished,
vulnerable, and marginalized communities.
3. Civil Society Perspective
Kinds of Civil Society Organizations

c. Social Movements – a form of

collective behavior which springs
largely from the attitudes and
aspirations of its participants. Social
Movements confront with specific
power structures and pursuit
socioeconomic and political change.
4. Local/Grassroots Perspective
• The Local and Grassroots Level, also
referred to as Community-Based
Perspective, sees the community as a
setting for intervention, target for change,
resource and agent as cited by McLeroy
(2003) and as established in the studies
reviewed by Merzel and D’Afflitti.
4. Local/Grassroots Perspective
• This perspective, according to McLeroy, et al. (2003), requires
vigilance in assessing community structures and processes
before any community interventions. The situation entails a
thorough understanding of the community in order to
determine appropriate and strong solutions. Further, the goal
of cultural programs and activities in the grassroot level is to
enrich the cultural life of rural communities.
4. Local/Grassroots Perspective
• They are referred to as “grassroots”
because of their local and capacity-
building characteristics. It is generally
conceptualized as the formation of
neighborhood organizations, rural or
urban, convened to pursue local
development goals or address
particular issues.
K-12 CG Code: HUMSS_CSC12-IIIa-c-5

FUNCTIONS
OF
COMMUNITY
 Vocabulary
• Production – a process of combining various material inputs and
immaterial inputs in order to make something for consumption. It is the
act of creating an output, a good or service which has value and
contributes to the utility of individuals.
• Distribution – the action of sharing something out among a number of
recipients.
• Consumption – the using up of a resource.
• Economics – a social science concerned with the production, distribution,
and consumption of goods and services.
• Actors – are legal-authoritative decision-makers – individuals or bodies
whose authority is based on formal rules and institutions. Typically, legal-
authoritative decision-makers occupy positions of authority through
legally mandated processes like elections or through formal political
appointments
• Influencers – individuals or groups who do not have direct authority but
DISCUSSION: Functions of Community
• A community is a group of people in
the same geographic area, under
common laws, that has a sense of
fellowship, belonging, and obligation to
the group.
• The community has five functions:
production-distribution-
consumption, socialization, social
control, social participation, and
Structures
and
their
Elements
1. Social Structures
a.Social Institutions – are established patterns of belief and
behavior that are centered on addressing basic social needs of
people in the community. Example: family, religion, economy,
government, education, healthcare
b. Social groups – consist of two or more people in the
community who regularly interact with one another and consider
themselves a distinct social unit. Example: Primary groups (family,
peers); Secondary groups (clubs, gangs, political parties); in-
groups and out-groups.
c. Status – refers to the position or rank of the person holds, in
relation to other members of the community. i Example: Ascribed
Status and Achieved Status
d. Role – refers to the obligations or behaviors expected from an
individual on the basis of one’s status in life.
2. Cultural Structures
a.Symbols and language – symbols are the shared words,
gestures, objects, or signals which people in a community
use to convey and develop recognizable meanings.
Language is a symbolic system that allows people to
develop complex, thoughts and records and explain ideas
either through written oral or nonverbal communication.
b. Norms – are socially accepted behavior.
c. Values and belief – values define the ideal principle of
what is good, just, and desirable. Beliefs refer to the shared
ideas of what is collectively true by people in a community.
d. Rituals – refers to the sacred or secular procedures and
ceremonies that people in the community regularly perform.
3. Political Structure
-refers to the people’s established ways of
allocating power and making decisions in
running and managing community affairs.
a. Leadership Structure – refer to the
composition of recognized leaders in the
community and the workflow of their
authority.
b. Political Organization – pertains either to
political parties or political groups in the
 4. Economic Structure
-pertains to various organized ways and means through which people in the
community produce goods and services, allocate limited resources, and
generate wealth on order to satisfy their needs and wants.
A. Capital Asset – refers to a property that is owned and has an economic
value, which is expected to generate interest and profit for a long period of
time.
There are 5 types of assets:
1. Human capital – pertains to the labor force in the community and their
background in terms of health, education, skills and capacity to work.
2. Social capital – refers to the collective value of social networks and
connections (patronage, neighborhoods, kinships) and inclinations that arise
in order to provide mutual support
3. Natural capital – refers to land and water resources (forest, wildlife,
kamote).
4. Physical capital – refers to man-made infrastructure and technology
(road, transportation, energy).
5. Financial capital – refers to the savings, credit and debt, remittances,
4. Economic Structure
b)Vulnerability Context – pertains to the
insecurity in the well-being of individuals and
households in the society.
c)Business Context – refers to the attitudes,
laws, and policies of the government and
economic institutions toward businesses,
enterprises, and commercial activities.
d)Trade – pertains to the enterprise and business
activities involving the sale and purchase of
goods and services.
SCOPE OF
STRUCTUR 1.Local Community –
ES OF example: village,
COMMUNIT barangay, town, city,
Y municipality, province,
region
2.Global Community –
Local community characterized the
and Global
community interconnectivity of people
or countries all over the
world.
OUTPUT #1
Look for 10 words/terms that you have
learned and encountered from the lesson
above. List them down on a sheet of paper
and answer the question that follows the
puzzle.
OUTPUT #1.1
Refer to the illustration on the next box.
Draw a house and write what is asked on
the corresponding parts of the house.
OUTPUT #2
Directions: In not less than 200 words, crisis happened to your
community. After which, answer the questions below:
Narration: 20pts.
1. Has the government done something significant to alleviate
the situation in your community? Elaborate.
2. How did the former and current Presidents of the country
respond to the situation? If you were the president, what could
you have done to help the community?
3. What was the community’s contribution to the alleviation of
the situation of their fellow Filipinos?
4. If mutual support is not present in today’s current situation,
what will possibly happen in our community?