Compression
in Industrial
Pharmacy
By group no. #3
Table of contents
01 02 03
Introduction Compression Compression
By Eman Hassan machines Parameters
By Dua Babar By Aamna
04 05 06
Compression of
???? Common Defects Novel Drug
Ayesha Akram By Laiba Iqbal Delivery
By Ayman Kashif
01
Introductio
n
By Eman Hassan
About the industry
● The manufacturing of oral solid dosage forms
such as tablets is a complex multi-stage
process under which the starting materials
change their physical characteristics a number
of times before the final dosage form is
produced. Traditionally, tablets have been
made by granulation, a process that imparts
two primary characteristics compressibility and
fluidity.
● After the preparation of granules (in case of
wet granulation) or slugging (in case of dry
granulation) or mixing of ingredients (in case of
direct compression), they are compressed to
get final product. The compression is done
either by single punch machine (stamping
press) or by multi station machine (rotary
press).
About the industry
● The tablet press is a high-speed mechanical device. It
'squeezes' the ingredients into the required tablet shape
with extreme precision. It can make the tablet in many
shapes, although they are usually round or oval.
● Each tablet is made by pressing the granules inside a
die, made up of hardened steel. The die is a disc shape
with a hole cut through its centre. The powder is
compressed in the centre of the die by two hardened
steel punches that fit into the top and bottom of the die.
The punches and dies are fixed to a turret that spins
round. As it spins, the punches are driven together by
two fixed cams an upper cam and lower cam. The top of
the upper punch (the punch head) sits on the upper cam
edge .The bottom of the lower punch sits on the lower
cam edge.
02
Compression
Machines
By Dua Babar
Main Types of Compression
Machines
Single Punch Rotary Press
•One punch and one die set •Multiple punches and dies
•Presses one tablet at a time •Continuous rotation for faster
•Low speed, simple design output
•Used in labs or small-scale •High-speed, large-scale production
production •More complex and automated
Single Punch
and Rotary
Tablet Press
Machines
Used for Small-Scale and Large-Scale
Tablet Production
Single Punch
Construction
● Hopper: holds and feeds powder
into the die
● Die: cavity that shapes the tablet
● Upper Punch: compresses powder
from above
● Lower Punch: supports and ejects
the tablet
● Cam Track: controls movement of
punches
● Feeding Mechanism: ensures proper
powder filling
● Ejection Mechanism: pushes out the
finished tablet
● Motor & Flywheel: provides power
and motion
Working of Single Punch
● Powder is loaded into the hopper
● Powder flows into the die cavity
● Lower punch stays at the bottom
position
● Upper punch descends to
compress the powder
● Tablet is formed under pressure
● Upper punch rises
● Lower punch pushes the tablet
upward
● Tablet is ejected
● Cycle repeats for the next tablet
Rotary Press Construction
● Hopper – stores and feeds powder into the
machine
● Feeder – guides powder into the dies evenly
● Turret – rotating table holding multiple punches
and dies
● Dies – fixed cavities where tablets are formed
● Upper Punches – compress powder from above
● Lower Punches – support and help eject tablets
● Cam Tracks – control vertical movement of
punches
● Compression Rollers – apply pressure for tablet
formation
● Ejection System – removes the finished tablet
from die
● Motor & Gear System – drives the turret and
components
● Control Panel – adjusts speed, pressure, and
monitors operation
Working of Rotary Press
● Powder is loaded into the hopper
● Feeder distributes powder into dies on
the rotating turret
● Lower punches remain inside the dies
● As the turret rotates, cam tracks guide
the upper punches downward
● Compression rollers apply force via
the upper and lower punches
● Powder is compressed into tablets
inside the dies
● Turret continues rotating
● Lower punches rise, pushing tablets
upward
● Ejection system removes tablets from
the die
● Cycle continues rapidly for high-speed
tablet production
Key Differences Between Compression
Machines
Features Single Punch Tablet Press Rotary Tablet Press
One punch compresses powder in die at a Multiple punches on rotating turret
Working Principle
time. compress tablets simultaneously.
High (30,000 to 100,000+ tablets per
Production Capacity Low (a few thousand tablets per hour).
hour).
Slow, limited by manual or semi-automatic Very fast due to multiple compression
Speed
operation. stations working simultaneously.
Ideal for large-scale commercial
Efficiency Suitable for small batches, lab scale, R&D.
manufacturing.
Manual or semi-automatic. Fully automated with options for in-line
Automation Level
weight control and rejection systems.
Table
Planets Team A Team B Team C
Mercury was named after the Despite being red, Mars is a Earth is the beautiful planet
Mercury Roman messenger god cold place, not hot where all humans live
Jupiter is the biggest planet of Actually, Neptune is very far Jupiter doesn’t have a solid
Mars the solar system away from Earth surface and it’s big
Saturn was named after the Saturn is the sixth planet
Earth Roman god of wealth from the Sun
Mars has a reddish color
Venus is the second planet Mars is full of iron oxide dust, Saturn is a gas giant and has
Pluto from the Sun which gives it its reddish cast several rings
Mercury is the closest planet Saturn is composed of
Saturn to the Sun hydrogen and helium
Venus has a beautiful name
Jupiter was named after the Mercury is the smallest planet
Venus Venus has high temperatures
Roman god of the skies of them all
Thank
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