Data Science in IoT

Subject Code: BCIT601

 Unit 1: Introduction to Data Analytics
• Defining IoT analytics
• IoT analytics challenges
• Business value concern
• IoT Analytics for the Cloud
• Types of Analytics: Streaming Analytics, Spatial, Time Series and Prescriptive
Analytics
 What is Data Science?
• Definition: Data science is the scientific study of data to extract knowledge and
solve problems. It is a multidisciplinary field that uses statistics, computer
science, and other fields to analyze large amounts of data.

• Data science applications

Improving service and customer satisfaction
Developing new products
Increasing sales
Solving complex business problems
 What is IoT?
• Internet of Things (IoT) is a new communication model and a promising
technology for next generation communication systems.
• Large number of devices communicate with each other.
• The IoT represents a digital ecosystem where various element such as human
resources, technologies, networks, and tools interact and connect to achieve
common objectives.
• Definition: The physical connection of sensors-based devices, communication
technologies, and a microprocessor or microcontroller-based system as well as the
collecting, sharing, controlling, and data analysis of different things over the
internet is called the internet of things.
• Through IoT, we can interconnect various things to control, collect, share, and
analyze the data autonomously for real-time applications.
• IoT provide services to whatever, anywhere, and at any instant through the internet.
 What is IoT Analytics?
• As the internet's usage continues to grow among individuals and businesses,
there's an exponential increase in data consumption.
• Definition: IoT analytics refers to collect, process and analyze data that are
generated by IoT devices.
• Data analytics is a process of analyzing unstructured data to give meaningful
conclusions.
• Numerous of the methods and processes of data analytics are automated and
algorithms designed to process raw data for humans to understand.
• As more devices are connected in the internet, it generates a large amount of data
that provides a valuable understanding and information from that particular data.
 Significance of Data Analytics in IoT
• The IoT generates massive amounts of data from connected devices, sensors, and
systems. Data analytics plays a crucial role in transforming this data into
valuable insights, enabling smarter decision-making, optimization, and
automation.
1. Real-time Decision Making: Real-time analytics helps in monitoring systems
and making quick decisions, especially in critical applications such as
healthcare (e.g., WBANs), smart cities, and industrial automation.
2. Predictive Maintenance: In Industrial IoT (IIoT), data analytics enables
predictive maintenance, reducing downtime and maintenance costs. By
analyzing sensor data, organizations can predict failures before they occur,
increasing operational efficiency.
 Significance of Data Analytics in IoT (Cont…)
3. Energy Efficiency Optimization: For Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and IoT-
enabled WBAN systems, data analytics helps optimize energy consumption by:
 Predicting sensor workload
 Assigning priority to nodes based on energy levels
 Reducing unnecessary data transmissions
4. Enhanced Security: IoT networks are vulnerable to cyber threats. AI-driven analytics
helps detect suspicious activities, unauthorized access, and potential breaches by
analyzing traffic patterns.
5. Smart Resource Allocation in IoT Networks: Data analytics enables dynamic
resource management in IoT applications, ensuring optimal bandwidth, storage, and
computing power for different devices based on real-time demand.
“Data analytics is the backbone of IoT intelligence, making IoT systems more efficient,
secure, and adaptive.”
 What can IoT analytics do?
1. Data Processing and Integration: Handle large volumes of data generated by
IoT devices, integrating and processing different data types for meaningful
insights.
2. Real-Time Decision-Making: Give nonstop monitoring of IoT data streams,
enabling immediate responses to changing conditions or events.

3. Predictive Analytics: Forecast trends and potential issues based on historical

data, and facilitating visionary decision- making.

4. Functional Effectiveness: Optimize processes, resource allocation, and energy

usage by identifying patterns in IoT- generated data.

5. Predictive conservation: Anticipate equipment failures or maintenance

requirements and reducing time-out.
 What can IoT analytics do? (Cont…)
7. Customer Perspectives: Analyze user behavior and preferences from IoT data
to enhance customer experiences.

8. Supply Chain Optimization: Improve supply chain visibility and effectiveness

by analyzing data from connected devices throughout the supply chain process.

9. Cost Optimization: Identify areas for cost reduction and efficiency

enhancement by analyzing IoT data for resource utilization and process
optimization.
 IoT Analytics - Use case
• Smart Agriculture
Use Case: Monitoring crop conditions.
How IoT Analytics Helps: Analyzing data from detectors, measuring soil humidity,
temperature, and thundershower conditions to optimize irrigation and enhance crop
yield.
 IoT Analytics - Use case
• Healthcare
Use Case: Remote patient monitoring.
How IoT Analytics Helps: Using wearable devices to collect and analyze patient
health data, enabling proactive healthcare interventions and reducing hospital
admissions.
 IoT Analytics - Use case (Cont…)
• Manufacturing
Use Case: Quality control and predictive maintenance.
How IoT Analytics Helps: Monitoring product line data to identify defects,
ensure product quality, and predict equipment maintenance needs to minimize
time-out.
 IoT Analytics - Use case (Cont…)
• Smart cities
Use Case: Traffic management.
How IoT Analytics Helps: Analyzing data from connected traffic cameras,
sensors, and GPS to optimize traffic flow, reduce congestion, and enhance
overall urban mobility.
 IoT Analytics - Use case (Cont…)
• Retail
Use Case: Customer behavior analysis.
How IoT Analytics Helps: Analyzing data from in-store sensors and beacons to
understand customer preferences, optimize product placements, and personalize
the shopping experience.
 IoT Analytics - Use case (Cont…)
• Environmental Monitoring
Use Case: Air quality management
How IoT Analytics Helps: Analyzing data from air quality sensors to monitor
pollution situations, assess environmental impact, and implement measures to
enhance air quality.

• Building Automation
Use Case: Energy effectiveness in smart buildings
How IoT Analytics Helps: Analyzing data from sensors to optimize heating,
ventilation, and air conditioning systems for energy effectiveness.
 IoT Analytics - Use case (Cont…)
• Energy Management
Use Case: Smart grid optimization.
How IoT Analytics Helps: Analyzing data from smart grid sensors to
optimize energy distribution, predict and prevent outages, and encourage
energy effectiveness.
 Types of Data Analytics
• Descriptive Analytics (What Happened?)
Focuses on summarizing historical data to understand trends and patterns.
Techniques Used: Data visualization, reporting, and summaries.
Example: IoT sensor data showing temperature variations over time in a
smart home.
• Diagnostic Analytics (Why Did It Happen?)
Investigates the causes of trends in data.
Techniques Used: Data mining, correlation analysis, root cause analysis.
Example: Finding out why a sensor node in a wireless network is
consuming excessive power.
 Types of Data Analytics (Cont…)
• Predictive Analytics (What Will Happen?)
Uses machine learning and statistical models to forecast future trends.
Techniques Used: Neural networks.
Example: Predicting network congestion in an IoT-enabled WBAN system.

• Prescriptive Analytics (Telling things exactly how something should be done?)

Suggests the best actions.
Techniques Used: Optimization algorithms, AI-driven decision-making.
Example: Adaptive MAC protocols in IoT networks that adjust based on
energy levels and traffic patterns.
Types of Data Analytics (Cont…)
 Data Analytics Workflow
• Data Collection – IoT sensors, databases, social media, etc.
• Data Cleaning & Preprocessing – Removing noise, handling missing values.
• Exploratory Data Analysis – Identifying trends and patterns.
• Modeling & Analysis – Applying machine learning or statistical techniques.
• Visualization – Presenting insights via charts.
• Decision-Making & Action – Implementing data-driven strategies.