Chandigarh College of Engineering, Jhanjeri

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

Program Name: [Link]

Course Code: BTES401-18
Course Name: Computer Organization & Architecture
Lecture Zero
The Kick Start Session

Prepared by: Dr. Raj Kumari

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 Outlines
• Vision, Mission
• PO, PEOs
• CO
• Course Objective
• PTU Syllabus
• Topic
• References

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 Institute V/M & Department’s V/M
Institute Vision
1 To emerge as Institution of Technical excellence imparting professional education for sustainable development of society.
Department Vision
1 To provide imperative skills to students for meeting industry needs, and to become responsible engineers, entrepreneurs and
citizens.
Institute Mission
1 To provide quality technical education through state-of-the-art infrastructure and well qualified and experienced faculty.
2 Having academic flexibility through strong industry academia interactions.
3 Focus on students' employability, entrepreneurship, higher education and competitive examination.
4 Inculcate ethical and moral values in students.
Department Mission
1 To educate the students in the field of Computer-Science with ever-changing technologies and skill
2 To enable the students in solving real-time problems and make use of new technologies.
3 To have industry collaboration and interaction with professional societies for continuous development.
4 To help students in becoming successful entrepreneurs.

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 Program Educational Objectives (PEOs)
• Describe the career and professional accomplishments that the programme would prepare the graduates to achieve in a few years after their graduation.
• Our graduated students are expected to fulfill the following Program Educational Objectives (PEOs):
1) Core Competency: Successfully apply fundamental mathematical, scientific, and engineering principles in formulating and solving engineering
and real life problems for betterment of society.
2) Breadth: Will apply current industry accepted practices, new and emerging technologies to analyse, design, implement and maintain state of art
solutions.
3) Professionalism: Work effectively and ethically in ever changing global professional environment and multi-disciplinary environment.
4) Learning Environment: Demonstrate excellent communication and soft skills to fulfil their commitment towards social responsibilities and
foster life-long learning.
5) Preparation: Promote research and patenting to enhance technical and entrepreneurship skills within them.
Sr. No. Detail Revised Blooms’
Taxonomy Domain
1 Become Competent Computer Professionals. Apply
2 Have abilities to analyze the requirements of software and provide solutions through efficient product design. Analyze

3 Have successful career and meet the requirements of Indian and other Multi-National Companies. Higher order Thinking

4 Have exposure to advanced technologies, technical skills and opportunities to work as team members on Understand
multidisciplinary projects.

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 Program Outcomes & Program Specific Outcomes
Sr. No. Detail
PO1 Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.
PO2 Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics,
natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
PO3 Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.
PO4 Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis
of the information to provide valid conclusions.
PO5 Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering
activities with an understanding of the limitations.
PO6 The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities
relevant to the professional engineering practice.
PO7 Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need
for sustainable development.
PO8 Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice.
PO9 Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write
effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
PO10
Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and
PO11 leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.
PO12
Students shall demonstrate skills, the knowledge and competence in the analysis, design and development of computer based systems addressing industrial and social issues.
PSO1
Students shall have competence to take challenges associated with future technological issues associated with security, wearable devices, augmented reality, Internet of Anything etc.
PSO2
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 Course Outcomes
CO Number Outcomes

CO1 Understand functional block diagram of microprocessor.

CO2 Apply instruction set for Writing assembly language programs.

CO3 Design a memory module and analyze its operation by interfacing with the CPU.

CO4 Classify hardwired and microprogrammed control units.

CO5 Understand the concept of pipelining and its performance metrics.

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 PTU Syllabus

Unit-I
• Functional blocks of a computer CPU, memory, input-output subsystems, control
unit. Instruction set architecture of a CPU – registers, instruction execution cycle,
RTL interpretation of instructions, addressing modes, instruction set. Case study
– instruction set of 8085 processor.
• Data representation: signed number representation, fixed and floating-point
representations, character representation.
• Computer arithmetic – integer addition and subtraction, ripple carry adder, carry
look-ahead adder, etc. multiplication – shift-and add, Booth multiplier, carry save
multiplier, etc. Division restoring and non-restoring techniques, floating point
arithmetic.
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 PTU Syllabus

Unit-II
• Introduction to x86 architecture.
• CPU control unit design: Hardwired and micro-programmed design approaches,
Case study – design of a simple hypothetical CPU.
• Memory system design: semiconductor memory technologies, memory
organization.
• Peripheral devices and their characteristics: Input-output subsystems, I/O device
interface, I/O transfers – program controlled, interrupt driven and DMA,
privileged and non-privileged instructions, software interrupts and exceptions.
Programs and processes –role of interrupts in process state transitions, I/O
device interfaces – SCII, USB.
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 PTU Syllabus

Unit-III
• Pipelining
• Basic concepts of pipelining, throughput and speedup, pipeline hazards. Parallel
Processors: Introduction to parallel processors, Concurrent access to memory
and cache coherency.
Unit-IV
• Memory Organization
• Memory interleaving, concept of hierarchical memory organization, cache
memory, cache size vs. block size, mapping functions, replacement algorithms,
write policies.

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 Course Details
L T P- 3 0 0

Credits: 3
Text Book
Computer Organization and Architecture”, Moris Mano, Third Edition, PHI.
Reference Book-
Computer Organization and Architecture, Stallings, Eighth Edition, PHI.
Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware/Software Interface”, 5th Edition
by David A. Patterson and John L. Hennessy, Elsevier

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 Internal Assessments
Examinations:
• 4 Assignments need be summited in 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th Week of the Semester.
• Mid Term Examination
• End Term Exam.

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 Assessment Model

Attendance: 06
MST: 24
Assignment: 10
ETP: 60
Total: 100

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 Assignment Schedule

Allotment Weeks Submission weeks Marks

Assignment -1 2nd Week 3rd Week 10

Assignment -2 5th Week 6th Week 10

Assignment -3 8th Week 9th Week 10

Assignment -4 11th Week 12th Week 10

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 The Hitch……

The three BURNING questions in mind…

• Why are we learning COA?

• What would we do with it?

• What will be the course outcome?

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Bloom’s Taxonomy

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 Lets clear some Basics….
What is COA?

• Computer system architecture is the design and organization of a computer's

components, and how they work together to process data. It includes the hardware,
software, and communication between them.

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 Introduction
Computer Organisation Computer Architecture

Often called microarchitecture (low level) Computer architecture (a bit higher level)

Transparent from programmer (eg. a Programmer view (i.e. Programmer has to

programmer does not worry much about be aware of which instruction set used)
how addition is implemented in hardware)

Physical components (Circuit design, Logic (Instruction set, Addressing modes,

Adders, Signals, Peripherals) Data types, Cache optimization)

How to do ? ( implementation of the What to do ? (Instruction set)

architecture)

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 Generations of Computers
Generation in computer terminology is a change in technology a computer is/was being used. Initially, the generation term was used to
distinguish between varying hardware technologies. But nowadays, generation includes both hardware and software, which together
make up an entire computer system.

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 CPU - Central Processing Unit
● The brain of any computer system is the CPU. It controls the functioning of the other units and processes the data. The CPU is
sometimes called the processor, or in the personal computer field called "microprocessor." It is a single integrated circuit that
contains all the electronics needed to execute a program. The processor calculates (adds, multiplies, and so on), performs logical
operations (compares numbers and make decisions), and controls the transfer of data among devices.
● The processor controls all the system's actions and services. Its operations are synchronized with a clock signal, which consists of
repeated cycles. The duration of one cycle is called the clock period. Instead of the clock period, we often use the clock frequency,
measured in Hertz (Hz), which is the number of cycles per second. Clock frequency is the inverse of the clock period. Common
units are megahertz (MHz) and gigahertz (GHz), such as a 1.8 GHz processor.
● The processor can be thought of as executing the following cycle forever:

1. Fetch an instruction from the memory,

2. Decode the instruction (i.e., determine the instruction type),

3. Execute the instruction (i.e., perform the action specified by the instruction).

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The components of CPU.

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Control Unit (CU):

● Directs the operations of the CPU and other components.

● Fetches, decodes, and executes instructions.
● Manages data flow between the CPU, memory, and peripherals.

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU):

● Performs arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, etc.).

● Handles logical operations (AND, OR, NOT, etc.).
● Processes comparisons and decision-making tasks.

Registers:

● Small, fast storage locations within the CPU.

● Temporarily hold data, instructions, or addresses needed for operations.
● Types include accumulator, program counter (PC), and instruction register (IR).

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 MOOCs/Competitions
/Hackathons
• NPTEL SWAYAM
• Udemy
• Coursera
• EDX
• Udacity

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 Any Queries ?

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THANK YOU

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