ABSTRACT
Structural Audit is defined as a preliminary technical survey of a building to assess its general health as a civil engineering structure. It is usually initiated as the first step
for repair. A methodology for Structural Audit was first presented by the Indian Society of Structural Engineers. Structural Audit is an important tool for knowing the real
status of the old building. It ensures that the building and its premises are safe and have no risk.
It analyses and suggests appropriate repairs and retrofitting measures required for the buildings to perform better in its service life. This paper defines the structural
audit of the residential building and also the suggestions for the repair that will enhance the life of the building.
INTRODUCTION
In India there are many old buildings which have reduced strength in due course of time. If
further use of such deteriorated structure is continued it may endanger the lives of the
occupants and surrounding habitation. Appropriate actions should then be implemented to
improve the performance of structures and restore the desired function of structures.
Structural Audit is -defined as a preliminary technical survey of a building to
assess its general health as a civil engineering structure. It is usually initiated as the first step for
repair. A methodology for Structural Audit was first presented by the Indian Society of Structural
Engineers. 2. Conducting Structural Audit is similar to Annual Health Monitoring& so it is
advisable to do structural audit every 10 years. Mumbai Municipal Corporation makes it
mandatory every 3 years for residential buildings more than 30 years old.
NEED
The need of structural audit is for maintenance and repairs of existing
structures whose life has exceeded the age of 30 years to avoid any mishaps and
save valuable human life. The concrete is widely used as construction material
being inexpensive, easy for construction, applications and because of it high
strength-cost ratio. More than ever, the construction industry is concerned with
improving the social, economic and environmental parameters of sustainability.
In India, from 1980 onwards the infrastructure industry witnessed stepping
up of public investment and growth in infrastructure industry which results in
construction of new multi-storey concrete apartments which are now in the age of
thirty plus years. There are many buildings during this period and earlier have
reduced strength in due course of time because of structural deficiency, material
deterioration, unexpected over loadings or physical damage.
OBJECTIVES
Structural audit heavily focused on the safety for personnel and product that are intended to
identify conditions requiring repair, structural efficiencies, corrosion that affects the structural integrity, fall
protection deficiencies, ladder, platform and all the building deficiencies.
Objectives of our project are:
1. To study the type of structural defects.
2. To identify any sign of deterioration in the material.
3. To perform proper Non-Destructive Test on a structure and to estimate areas of critical
repairs.
4. Performing appropriate repairs based on tests result conducted and estimation of repairs cost.
5. Estimation of cost for remedial measures which are to be taken for repairing of the structure and
METHODOLO
GY
ESTABLISHING AIMS AND INFORMATION REQUIRED
DOCUMENTARY SURVEY
PRELIMINARYSITE VISIT
DATA COLLECTION AND OBSERATION
ANALYSIS OF THE STUDY
DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIO
CRACKS IN BULIDING
Cracks in buildings are common occurrence.
• It develops when the stress in a component
exceeds the strength.
• Stress is caused by either externally applied
or internally generated force.
• External forces: Dead load, live load, wind
load, seismic load, settlement of foundation
• Internal forces: Thermal moments, moisture
changes, chemical action.
CLASSIFICATION
• Cracks are broadly classified as : Structural Cracks or Non
Structural cracks
• Structural cracks develop due to incorrect design, faulty
construction or overloading.
• They endanger the safety of the building.
• Non structural cracks are mostly due to internally induced
stresses and do not necessarily weaken the structure immediately.
However in due course of time they allow the ingress of moisture
that leads to corrosion of steel and thus weakening of structure.
• Vertical cracks in a long building or boundary wall, without
TEST TAKEN
Rebound hammer test is done to find out the compressive strength of
concrete by using rebound hammer as per IS: 13311 (Part 2) - 1992.
The underlying principle of the rebound hammer test is: The rebound of an
elastic mass depends on the hardness of the surface against which its
mass strikes.
An ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test is an in-situ, nondestructive test
to check the quality of concrete and natural rocks. In this test, the
strength and quality of concrete or rock is assessed by measuring the
velocity of an ultrasonic pulse passing through a concrete structure or
natural rock formation.
Corrosion testing refers to the processes conducted by laboratories
in order to solve, prevent or mitigate problems related to corrosion.
These processes can be applied in industrial materials and
infrastructure products, and are often used in failure analysis.
CONCLUSION
The concept of Repair, rehabilitation and strengthening of
buildings is less popular technique in the construction industry
and then it is necessary to spread awareness of the same.
Result of this study will show the importance as well as the
need and effectiveness of this study.
