BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION
KHUSHBOO
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPIST
WHAT IS BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION?
• Behaviour modification refers to the techniques used to try and
decrease or increase a particular type of behaviour or reaction.
• Behaviour modification relies on the concept of operant
conditioning.
• . Operant conditioning
• Involves using a system of rewards and punishments.
TYPES OF BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION
• Behavior modification involves
• DICIPLINE
1. positive punishment
2. negative punishment
• REINFORCEMENT
1. positive reinforcement
2. negative reinforcement.
Discipline
• Dicipline startegies
• it fall under positive or negative punishment.
• Positive punishment involves adding a consequence, while
negative punishment involves taking something away
Positive Punishment
• Punishment is used to stop negative behaviors. And while it
sounds confusing to refer to punishment as "positive," in operant
conditioning, the term positive means adding.
• A positive punishment involves adding a consequence that will
deter the child from repeating the behavior.
EXAMPLES
– Specific examples of positive punishment include:
• Giving a child an extra chore as a consequence for lying when
asked if they cleaned their room.
• Telling a child to write an apology letter after they hurt someone's
feelings
• Insisting a child do a sibling's chore after hurting their sibling.
Negative Punishment
• Negative punishment involves taking something away.
• Examples include taking away priviliges or removing positive
attention.
EXAMPLES
• Specific examples of negative punishment include:
• Actively ignoring a temper tantrums
• Taking away a child's electronics privileges
Reinforcement
• Reinforcement is a technique that encourages or discourages
specific behavior. Like punishment, reinforcement can be positive
or negative.
Positive Reinforcement
• Positive reinforcement refers to giving a child something that
reinforces good behavior.
• Discipline that relies mostly on positive reinforcement is usually
very effective.
• Examples of positive reinforcement include praise a reward
system.
examples of positive reinforcement
• Saying, “Great job putting your dish away before I even asked you
to!”
• Allowing a child to earn time to play on their tablet because they
completed their homework.
Negative Reinforcement
• Negative reinforcement is when a child is motivated to change
their behavior because it will take away something unpleasant.
• A child who stops a behavior because their parent yells at them is
trying to get rid of the negative reinforcer (the yelling).
examples of negative reinforcement
. . .
• A child has been • A teenager complains • Parents nag their child
getting into arguments about school during the to do chores. The child
with peers at the bus ride to school every does their chores to
stop. The child's mother morning. The child's make the nagging stop.
starts going to the bus father turns on talk
stop with them every radio loudly to drown
day. The child begins him out. The next day
behaving so their the teenager doesn't
mother won’t wait for complain about
the bus with them anything because they
don't want to listen to
talk radio.
When to use this technique.
• Behavior modification works for a variety of children. It is effective
for kids with
• attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
• autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
• anxiety
• phobias
TYPES OF REINFORECERS
Attention Praise. Rewards.
• . • Another positive • .
• . Giving a child attention consequence is praise. • Tangible rewards, such
is a positive reinforcer as earning a new toy,
and can be very • Praising your child for also modify behavior.
effective. a task well done will • a special trip to the
encourage your child to park.
• Spending time with repeat the behavior.
your child, talking to
them, and verbally
acknowledging good
behavior are all ways to
provide attention.
CONT..
• Consequences.
• Your behavior plan should also include the use of consequences,
both natural and parent imposed.
• If your child loves a particular activity, taking it away in response
to poor grades may encourage them to do better.
• Consequences influence how likely a child or student is to repeat
a specific behavior.
• Negative consequences deter bad behavior. Positive
consequences increase the chances that a child or student will
repeat a good behavior.
How to Set up a Behavior Modification Plan
• Step #1 Consider the Child
• Every child is different and responds differently.
• Some respond better to positive reinforcement and some to
negative.
• A young child is motivated by different behavior modification
techniques than a teenager is.
• young child may respond to attention or a smile, while your older
child might require strong reinforcement to positively reinforce
behaviors.
Step #2 Consider the Behavior Your Wish to Modify
• Is the behavior one that is easy to modify or will several steps of
behavior modification be required?
• For example,
if you are attempting to have a child brush their teeth
before bed, it will probably take consistent positive reinforcement,
but is not as large a task as cleaning up their entire room each day,
which may involve several behavior modification techniques.
Step #3 Consider the Method That Will Work Best
• Children respond differently to behavior modification techniques.
Most children respond very well to positive reinforcement.
• However, the teen years can be a challenge and may require
some negative reinforcement.
• choosing a behavior modification plan that is easy to use, so that
child will not have trouble consistently following it.
Step #4 Choose a Behavior Modification Plan
• Behavior modification plans that work the best are made
specifically for an individual child.
•
• Behavior modification plan should include both reinforcers,
consequences designed to increase desired behavior, and
punishments, consequences that reduce unwanted behavior.
• The best method is to offer natural consequences or logical
consequences based upon the behavior modification A child
needs
How to Use Behavior Modification to Change Your Child’s Behavior
Consequences Must Be Consequences Should Be Consequences Should be
Consistent Immediate. Effective.
• . If you do not use the • A child needs immediate • Children react differently
same consequence feedback, both positive when positive and
consistently, a child may and negative. negative consequences
decide it is worth the risk • Waiting weeks to earn a are used.
to misbehave. reward may not reinforce • If your behavior
• However, if he knows good behaviors each modification system does
that each infraction day. Offering an not produce the desired
always results in the immediate positive effect, it should be
same consequence, he consequence is more reviewed and revised
will likely change likely to help a child immediately.
behavior to avoid the repeat the desired
consequence. behavior.
Task
• Taking away recess or removing the teacher’s positive attention.
• Start praising a student every time he shares, raises his hand, or
waits his turn to speak.
• Each time he speaks out in class without raising his hand, ignore
him, or take away a privilege.
THANK YOU
