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The document discusses the morphology of plant parasitic nematodes, highlighting their differentiation from free-living nematodes and the identification of males, females, and juveniles. It details key morphological features such as body shape, digestive and reproductive systems, and differences between the orders Tylenchida and Dorylaimida. The document serves as a comprehensive guide for studying the structural characteristics and classifications of these nematodes.

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Varshini Shalom
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45 views15 pages

Ex - No. 5

The document discusses the morphology of plant parasitic nematodes, highlighting their differentiation from free-living nematodes and the identification of males, females, and juveniles. It details key morphological features such as body shape, digestive and reproductive systems, and differences between the orders Tylenchida and Dorylaimida. The document serves as a comprehensive guide for studying the structural characteristics and classifications of these nematodes.

Uploaded by

Varshini Shalom
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Morphology of plant parasitic

nematodes
To differentiate plant parasitic nematodes
from free living nematodes

To differentiate males, females and juveniles

To study important morphological features of


plant parasitic nematodes
Parasite Saprophyte (free
living)
 Stylet is present  Stylet is absent
 Slow in  Comparatively faster
movement in movement
Whole mount
• Body vermiform
• transparent
• Openings of digestive system (anus),
• excretory system (excretory pore)
• reproductive system (vulval or cloacal
opening) on ventral side.
Body Shape
• Pear shape – Root knot nematode
• Globular shape – Globodera
• Lemon shape – Heterodera
• Kidney shape – Reniform nematode
• Irregular shape - Citrus nematode
• Ring (deep annulations) – Criconematid
• C shape – Hoplolaimus
• Spiral shape - Helicotylenchus
• Vermiform – Pratylenchus, Radopholus
Stylet
Digestive system
• Digestive system consists of a stoma provided with a
knobbed stylet, oesophagus, cardia, intestine, rectum
and anus.
• Stylet – made up of a cone, shaft and three basal
knobs.
• Oesophagus – consists of an anterior narrow part
(procarpus), median bulb with valvular apparatus
(metacarpus), isthmus and a basal bulb.
• Oesophageal gland is in the basal bulb and the opening
of dorsal oesophageal gland behind the stylet knobs.
• Basal bulb overlaps intestine either ventrally or
dorsally and few cases no overlapping (abutting).
Female reproductive system
• Number of ovaries may be one (monodelphic)
or two (didelphic)
• Orientation of ovaries-either anterior
(prodelphic) or posterior (opisthodelphic) and
or outstretched on both sides (anterior and
posterior) (amphidelphic) in relation to vulva.
• Location of vulva may be anterior or median
or posterior.
Male reproductive system

•  Number of testis may be one


(monarchic) or two (diarchic)
• Following male organs are present
•  Cloaca
•  Spicules
•  Gubernaculum
•  Caudal alae (bursa)
Difference among female, male and
juvenile
Female Male Juvenile

Separate Common No opening of


openings for opening for reproductive
reproductive digestive and system
system reproductive
(vulva) and systems
digestive (cloaca) near
system the posterior
(anus), anus end
posterior to
vulva
Difference between the orders
Tylenchida and Dorylaimida
• Phylum- Nematoda (Nemata),
• classes Secernentea and Adenophorea,
• Plant parasitic nematodes are included in the
order Tylenchida under Secernentea and
Dorylaimida under Adenophorea.
Tylenchida Dorylaimida
 Cuticular  Cuticular
annulation is annulation is
present absent
 Stomatostylet  Odontostylet
(stylet originates (stylet originates
from the buccal from the
cavity or stoma) oesophagus wall
 Three parted  Two parted
oesophagus oesophagus
•  Presence of stylet
•  Body shape
•  Dorsal, ventral and lateral sides.
•  Position of vulva
•  Posterior / basal bulb overlapping
•  Number and position of ovaries in
relation to vulva
•  Presence of spicules, testis, bursa

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