ENGLI

SH 8
1ST QUARTER
WEEk 2
Learning Competencies
Evaluating literary texts
EN8LIT-I-1 Analyze literary
texts as expressions of
individual or communal
values within:
Learning Competencies
1. Structural context
• Conflict
I. character vs. character
II. character vs. society
III. character vs.
nature/environment
IV. character vs. self
Learning Competencies

• plot
I. linear
II. parallel
• point of view and
narrative
techniques
 Lesson Objectives:
1. identify the plot elements of
an Afro-Asian short story that
follows a linear or parallel plot
structure;
2. determine the different
types of conflict of an Afro-
Asian short story; and
3. distinguish the different
points of view of narration of
an Afro-Asian short story.
 Content
Topic 1: Analyzing
the structural context
of an Afro-Asian short
story
Subtopics:
Plot elements
Conflict
Point of view
DAY
1
 SHORT
REVIEW
An Excerpt from
The Mouse
Maiden from
Panchatantra
 The Priest and his
Daughter with the Sun
God and the Cloud God
The priest thought that his
daughter must like the Cloud
God as the Sun God suggested.
So, the priest and his wife
prayed to the Cloud God. When
he appeared, they asked him if
he would marry their daughter.
To this, their daughter said, “I
 I am intimidated by his thunder. I
cannot marry him.” The priest was
again disappointed to hear his
daughter refuse to marry the
Cloud God. When the Cloud God
heard this, he said, “Perhaps, the
Wind God may be the suitable
groom forRetrieved
your daughter,
from as he
blows me away. So, he is greater
https://www.vedantu.
than me.”
com/stories/the-
 Questions:
1. Who are the characters in
the excerpt?
2. Describe the priest and the
daughter. Cite lines to prove
your answer.
3. How are the characters
revealed in the excerpt?
 2.
FEEDBAC
 How do we characterize
characters in a literary text?
Explain your answer to your
partner and present your
answer in class. Be guided by
Studentthe table below. In a
Student
1 2 nutshell…
 1.
LESSON
PURPOSE
 In your previous lesson, you
learned that characters and
how their roles are portrayed
through their characterization
are essential elements in a
story. In this lesson, you will
learn that a story follows a
sequence of events, characters
face main struggles, and is
narrated from one’s
 2.
UNLOCKING
CONTENT
VOCABULA
Arrange the jumbled letters to
form a word. Then, write your
idea/s about the word that you
formed.
Jumbled What I
Word
Letters Know
lpot
flictonc
xlimac
 1.
EXPLICITATI
ON
Activity: Watching Video Clip

Instructions: Watch this video

clip and answer the following
questions.
Source:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=d11GTkR9b04
 The video clip below shows filial
piety. Filial piety emphasizes the
value of honoring and taking care
of one's parents, elders, and
ancestors. It is deeply rooted in
both Chinese and Filipino cultures
(Strengthening Filial Piety, Shared
Values for Harmonious Society,
n.d.).
 Guide Questions:
1. What did the son ask
the father?
2. What was the answer
to the son’s question?
3. How did the father
show his love to his
mother?
 A short story in Chinese
literature which shows filial
piety is The Soul of the Great
Bell by Lafcadio Hearn. Click
the source to retrieve the full
Source: https://loa-
text of the short story.
shared.s3.amazonaws.co
m/static/pdf/Hearn_Great
_Bell.pdf
 Summary of the Short
Story
“The Soul of the Great
Bell”
The Emperor of China
by Lafcadio Hearn
commands a great bell to be
cast for the Temple of Heaven—
one that will produce a perfect,
deep tone.
However, despite the efforts of
the skilled bell-maker Kouan-Yu,
the metal mixtures never fuse
correctly. The court astrologer
eventually declares that a
maiden's heart must be
sacrificed to make the metals
blend properly.
 Kouan-Yu’s daughter, Ko-Ngai,
secretly learns of this decree.
Out of love for her father and
devotion to duty, she throws
herself into the molten metal
during the next casting,
ensuring the success of the bell.
Her sacrifice remains a secret to
her father.
The bell is finally cast perfectly.
It is said that when it tolls, the
voice of a maiden can be heard
crying "Hsiang! Hsiang!"—Ko-
Ngai’s voice, calling from within
the bell.
 Guide Questions:
1. Who are the characters in the
story? Describe them.
2. When and where does the
story happen?
3. What is the problem in the
story?
4. How is the problem
addressed? What is the solution
to the problem?
DAY
2
 2.
WORKED
EXAMPLE
Every short story has its own
plot. A story is like climbing a
mountain if the plot follows a
linear structure.
 Plot refers to how the author
arranges events to develop
the basic idea; it is the
sequence of events in a story
or play. The plot is a planned,
logical series of events having
a beginning, middle, and end.
The short story usually has
one plot so it can be read in
one sitting.
 In a pyramidic or linear
structure of a story plot, there
are six essential parts of events:
1) Exposition (introduction)
– This is the beginning of the
story where the characters and
setting are revealed.
2) Inciting Incident or
Complication – This is a small,
single event that gives birth or
leads to the conflict. Without this,
the conflict will not be developed
in the rising action.
3) Rising Action – As the story
unfolds, the events become
complicated; the conflict is
• Conflict - Essential to plot,
opposition ties incidents
together and moves the plot.
Not merely limited to
arguments, conflict can be any
of the struggle the main
character faces. Within a short
story, there may be only one
central struggle, or there may
be many minor obstacles
There are two general types of
conflict:
1. Internal Conflict-
Struggle within one's self
• Character vs. Self -
Struggles with own soul,
physical limitations,
choices, etc.
2. External Conflict -
Struggle with a force
outside one's self
• Character vs. Character -
Struggles against other
people.
• Character vs. Nature -
Struggles against animals,
weather, environment, etc.
• Character vs. Society -
Struggles against ideas,
4) Climax – This refers to
the turning and highest point
of the story. Readers wonder
what will happen next; will
the conflict be resolved or
not?
Consider the climax as a
three-fold phenomenon:
• Main character receives new
information.
• Main character accepts this
information (realizes it but
does not necessarily agree
with it).
• Main character acts on this
information (makes a choice
5) Falling action – In
this part, the resolution
begins; events and
complications start to fall
into place. These are the
events between climax
and denouement.
6) Resolution
(Conclusion) –
 Activity: Plot and
problems
Instructions: Place your
answers of the guide
questions to its
corresponding part in the
story map.
Image from: https://medium.com/word-
garden/methods-for-writing-stories-
3dcaab9e0f3c
Read this!
Conflict is the main struggle
that a character faces. There
are general and specific types
of conflict in a story.
 External Conflict Internal Conflict
Character vs. Character vs. Self - A
Character - It is clear character battling
and universally inner demons, one
understood as a who has an inner
good-vs.-evil story moral conflict (e.g.,
in which an Hamlet), or is simply
unambiguous striving to become a
character opposes better person is in
the main character. this type of conflict.
 External Internal Conflict
Conflict
Character vs. Fate (God/ Luck/ Fate) -
This is an ambiguous conflict type.
Sometimes aspects of it get split up
Character vs. and parsed out among the other
Nature - This categories. For example, since
type of conflict
counters a accepting fate can be seen as an
character inner personal struggle, some define
against some it as character vs. self instead.
However, some might reframe
force of nature, character vs. God as being person
such as an against religion and, therefore, would
animal or the put it in the external conflict type of
weather.
character vs. society. The categories
 Internal
External Conflict
Conflict
Character vs. Society - When a story
sets a character against a tradition, an
institution, a law, or some other
societal construct, it is a character-
vs.-society story.
Character vs. Technology - When
science moves beyond human control,
conflict of character vs. technology
is developed.
Character vs. Supernatural - Vampires,
werewolves, aliens, ghosts and any
typically unbelievable, supernatural, or
inexplicable phenomena provide
 Activity: Let’s try!
Instructions: Read the story
The Soul of the Great Bell by
Lafcadio Hearn. Identify the
conflicts and type of conflicts
present in the story and write
them in the table below. Cite
scenes from the text to
 Type of
Conflict Conflict Scene

Discussion Questions:
1. What is the conflict in
the story?
2. What type of conflict is
this? How did you know?
3. Cite lines from the text
Reflection Question:
If you could solve the
conflict in the story in
your own ways, how
would you do it?
 3.
LESSON
ACTIVITY
 Another story in Afro-Asian
literature which shows filial
piety is the Japanese folktale
The Aged Mother written by
Matsuo Basho.
 Activity: Plot and
problems
Instructions: Read the story
The Aged Mother by Matsuo
Basho and do the following
activities. Click the source to
retrieve the full text of
Source:https:// the
short story.
americanliterature.com/
author/matsuo-basho/
short-story/the-aged-
mother/
 Summary of the Story
“The Aged Mother”
by Matsuo Basho
In ancient Japan, there was
a cruel law that demanded
all elderly people be
abandoned and left to die
once they reached a
certain age.
 A poor farmer, deeply
devoted to his aged
mother, could not bear to
follow this law. When the
time came, he carried her
up a mountain to leave her
there as required.
 However, along the way, the
mother quietly broke twigs and
dropped them to mark the path
so her son could find his way
back. Touched by her selfless
act, the son defied the law and
secretly brought her home,
hiding her in a safe place.
 Later, the ruler of the land
faced a problem that no one
could solve—only the
wisdom of the old mother
could offer a solution. When
the farmer revealed her
advice and her existence,
the ruler realized the value
of the elderly and abolished
A. Story Map: Identify the
plot elements of the story
using this story map.
 B. Identify the conflicts and
type of conflicts present in the
story and write them in the
table below. Cite scenes from
the text to support your
Type
answer.of
Conflict Conflict Scene
 Guide Questions:
1. What conflicts are presented
in the story?
2. What types of conflict are
employed in the problems?
3. Cite lines from the text to
support your answer.
DAY
3
 1.
EXPLICITATI
ON
A. Look at this
picture. What
would you do if
you found a
cave full of
treasure?
B. Read the origins of the
Arabian Nights.
Arabian Nights, more properly
known as One Thousand and
One Nights is a collection of
Middle Eastern and South
Asian stories and folk tales,
compiled in Arabic during the
Islamic Golden Age.
This period lasted from the
eighth century to the
thirteenth century, when much
of the Arabic-speaking world
experienced a scientific,
economic, and cultural
flourishing – One Thousand
and One Nights epitomizing
the rich and multifaceted
One day, King Shahryār
discovers that his wife has
been unfaithful. Consequently,
he has her executed. But in
his bitterness and grief, he
decides that all women are
the same. Shahryār begins to
marry a succession of virgins
only to execute each one the
 Eventually, the vizier, whose
duty it is to provide them,
cannot find any more virgins.
Scheherazade, the vizier’s
daughter, offers herself as
the next bride and her father
reluctantly agrees. On the
night of their marriage,
Scheherazade begins to tell
The King, curious about how
the story ends, is thus forced
to postpone her execution in
order to hear the conclusion.
The next night, as soon as she
finishes the tale, she begins
(and only begins) a new one,
and the King, eager to hear
the conclusion, postpones her
C. Read the story Ali Baba and
the Forty Thieves
Ali Baba and the Forty
Thieves
Once upon a time, two brothers
used to live in Persia. Their
names were Ali Baba and
Kassim. Kassim was the older
brother. After their father’s
death, Kassim said
So, Ali Baba fled his home
and climbed up the mountain
to find forty thieves. The 40
thieves stood in front of the
large rock and said, “OPEN
SEESAME!” These magic
words opened the rock, and
the 40 thieves entered the
cave. “What a sight!” Ali
Ali Baba approached the
large rock after the thieves
had left and said, “OPEN
SESEAME!” The cave opened,
and Ali Baba entered it. The
cave was full of treasures.
“Amazing!” Ali Baba
exclaimed. He took some of
the treasures with him and
Kassim learned about this and
was jealous of his brother. He
went to Ali Baba’s home and
asked him, “Where did all this
stuff come from?” Ali Baba,
after some time, revealed the
secret location to his brother.
Kassim couldn’t wait and ran
to the cave. “OPEN SEESAME!”
he shouted, and the cave
When he was leaving, he saw
that the large rock had locked
the cave. Kassim tried to think
of the secret words and tried
saying everything, “OPEN
DONKY!” OPEN MONKEY!” but
it didn’t work. The thieves
returned to the cave and found
Kassim. The thieves killed him.
Ali Baba learned about his
brother, took him out of the
cave and buried him. The
thieves learned that the body
was gone and were angry.
“Someone was there and took
him”, they said, “Let’s find
that person.” They soon found
out it was Ali Baba.
One of the thieves finally
found Ali Baba and robbed his
home. Ali Baba’s maid was
clever and marked all doors in
the neighbourhood with the
same marking as the one on
their door.
The thieves again arrived the
next day to steal from Ali Baba
but couldn’t find his house as
all of the doors had the exact
same marking. The thieves
finally found Ali Baba’s house
and entered. They hid in large
jars. The maid saw them
hiding and filled the jars with
The chief of thieves was left.
Ali Baba invited him to his
house as a guest. Ali Baba
didn’t know who he was, but
his maid was able to identify
him. “Be my guest!” said the
maid, “Relax and enjoy the
show!”
She brought two swords and
began to dance and moved
closer to the chief of thieves
as she moved. The maid then
stabbed the chief and told the
truth about his identity to Ali
Baba.
The maid’s wisdom and help
surprised Ali Baba. “Thank you
for saving my life,” Ali Baba
said and married her after
some time. They lived happily
ever after.
 Guide Questions:
1. Who are the characters?
Describe them.
2. When and where does the
story happen?
3. What is the problem in the
story?
4. How is the problem
addressed? What is the solution
DAY
4
 2.
WORKED
EXAMPLE
Point of View – This refers to
the angle or perspective from
which the story is told. This can
be identified by the pronoun
that the narrator uses to tell the
story.
There are types of POV.
1) First Person POV – The
story is told by the protagonist or
a character who interacts closely
with the protagonist or other
characters. The speaker uses the
pronouns "I", "me", "we". The
readers experience
the story through this person's
2) Second Person POV – The
story is told by a narrator who
addresses the reader using the
pronoun "you"; the speaker uses
pronouns "you", "your", and
"yours".
3) Third Person – The story is
told by a narrator who sees all of
the action; the speaker uses the
pronouns "he", "she",
There are two types of third
person POV:
• Limited – The narrator
describes the action of
events through the eyes
of a single character; the
readers only see what the
character sees, feels, or
thinks.
• Omniscient – The narrator
can enter into the
character’s consciousness,
describe their motives,
feelings, and actions, and
predict likely events to
happen Thus, as the
narrator can move from
one character's mind to
 Activity: Point it
out!
Instructions: Identify type of
point of view is used in Ali
Baba and the Forty Thieves.
Cite the lines/scenes from the
story that show the POV used
in the story. Write your answer
on the mind map.
 POV
used:

________
___
 1.
LESSON
ACTIVITY
 Changing
Perspectives
Retell the story of Ali
Baba and the Forty
Thieves from Ali
Baba’s Point of View
(1st Person Point of
View).
 1.
LEARNER
S’
 Discuss the types of
conflict and the different
points of view in a short
story.
 2.
REFLECTI
ON ON
Why do we need to
identify the conflict
and points of view a
short story?
 1.
FORMATIV
E
Instructions: Fill in the
blanks with the correct
answer.
1. ______ is a type of third
person point of view where
the narrator knows
everything.
2. ________ refers to the main
struggle that a character
faces in a story.
3. ________ pertains to the
sequential arrangement of
events in the story.
4. ________ is the turning
and highest point of event
in the story.
5. ________ shows the final
outcome of the story in
which the solution to
 Answer key:
1. Omniscient
2.Conflict
3.Plot
4.Climax
5.
Resolution/Denouem
ent
 2.
HOMEWO
RK
 Answer this question:
How does literature
reflect the history and
culture of a country and
its people?